Sectionalism in the Antebellum Era
The central issue in the Nullification Crisis of the 1830's. The northern and southern states were divided over this federal economic policy.
What are tariffs?
Political faction formed in the aftermath of the Kansas-Nebraska Act. Composed of anti-slavery Whigs , Free-Soilers, Abolitionists, and former Know-Nothing party members. (signaled the death of the Whig party and the beginning of the Third Party System)
What is the Republican Party?
Strategy employed by the CSA to coerce Great Britain and France into the war.
What is Cotton Diplomacy?
Last ditch effort to avoid Civil War. Proposed the renewal of the Missouri Compromise line and Constitutional amendments protecting slavery.
What is Crittenden Compromise?
Laws passed in southern states during the Presidential Reconstruction, designed to limit African-American rights and ensure their availability as a cheap labor source.
What are the Black Codes?
Senator Henry Clay's plan that attempted to resolve sectional tensions and resolve the issue of slavery in the Louisiana Territory moving forward.
What is the Louisiana Territory?
Designed by Senator Stephen Douglas, this law repealed the Missouri Compromise line and opened up the northern portion of the Louisiana Territory to slavery through popular sovereignty.
What is the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
Robert E. Lee's first failed offensive into Union territory. Union victory gave Lincoln the leverage to issue the Emancipation Proclamation.
What is the Battle of Antietam?
Confederate sympathizer who assassinated President Lincoln on April 14, 1865.
Who is John Wilkes Booth.
Granted African-Americans equal protection under the law and disenfranchised former Confederate leaders.
What is the 14th Amendment?
Ended the Mexican-American War in 1848, forcing Mexico to cede approximately half of its territory to the United States.
Who is the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo?
Anti-immigrant (nativist) and anti-Catholic political party formed in the early 19th century, largely as a result of Irish and German immigration. Eventually became part of the new Republican Party.
"Four score and seven years ago...Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived, and so dedicated, can long endure...that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth."
What is the Gettysburg Address?
Federal organization formed in 1865, designed to assist former slaves in transition to freedom. Est. schools , provided healthcare, negotiated labor contracts, reunited separated families, etc.
What was the Freedmen's Bureau?
Labor system that replaced slavery in the South during the Reconstruction Era.
What is sharecropping?
Failed proposal to prohibit the expansion of slavery into the Mexican Cession. (Reignited sectional debate over slavery in Congress)
What is the Wilmot Proviso?
South Carolinian senator who attacked Charles Sumner after his "Crime Against Kansas" speech in the aftermath of the rising violence in "Bleeding Kansas".
Who is Preston Brooks?
Emergency war power taken by Lincoln in order to secure the Border States.
What is the suspension of habeas corpus?
Dominant group in Congress during Reconstruction, wrestled with Andrew Johnson for control of Reconstruction process, favoring a harsher plan.
Who were the Radical Republicans?
Law broken by President Andrew Johnson that led to his impeachment by the Radical Republicans.
What is the Tenure of Office Act?
-California enters the Union as a free state
-Utah and New Mexico territories are opened to slavery through popular sovereignty
-Passage of a tougher Fugitive Slave Law
-Elimination of slave trade, but not slavery, in Washington D.C.
What is the Compromise of 1850?
Infamous Supreme Court decision, ruled that slaves were property and consequently, the federal government had no authority to limit slavery in states or territories.
What is Scott v. Sanford?
Secured Union control of the Mississippi River and resulted in Ulysses S. Grant promotion to General in Chief of the Union forces.
What is the Battle of Vicksburg?
Law passed by congress dividing the south into five districts under military occupation.
What is the Military Reconstruction Act of 1867?
This agreement resulted in the removal of federal troops from the southern states, and the end of Reconstruction.
What is the Compromise of 1877?