Sectional Tensions
Withdrew federal troops and effectively ended Reconstruction
States’ rights
This 1848 treaty ended the Mexican-American War and added new U.S. territory.
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
The election of this president directly triggered Southern secession.
Abraham Lincoln
This amendment abolished slavery nationwide.
13th Amendment
This federal agency assisted freedpeople with education, labor contracts, and legal aid.
Freedmen’s Bureau
These laws restricted African Americans’ freedom after the Civil War.
Black Codes
This act accelerated sectional division by allowing settlers to vote on slavery and repealing a long-standing compromise. (It also repealed the Missouri Compromise)
Kansas–Nebraska Act
This proposal revealed early sectional disagreement over slavery in Mexican Cession territories.
Wilmot Proviso
This Union victory gave Lincoln the opportunity to issue the Emancipation Proclamation.
Battle of Antietam
This document changed the war’s purpose by linking Union victory to ending slavery.
Emancipation Proclamation
This type of Reconstruction emphasized rapid reunification with minimal protections for freedpeople.
Presidential Reconstruction
This system trapped many freedpeople in long-term debt.
Sharecropping
This violent conflict in Kansas symbolized the breakdown of compromise before the Civil War.
Bleeding Kansas
This compromise temporarily eased sectional tensions but failed long term.
Compromise of 1850
This policy aimed to weaken the Confederacy by cutting off resources and trade.
Anaconda Plan
This policy destroyed Southern infrastructure to break Confederate resistance.
Sherman’s March to the Sea
This approach placed the South under military rule to enforce civil rights.
Congressional (Radical) Reconstruction
This organization used violence to suppress Black political participation.
Ku Klux Klan
This Supreme Court case ruled that Congress could not ban slavery in the territories.
Dred Scott v. Sandford
This event intensified Northern opposition to slavery by forcing cooperation with slave catchers.
Fugitive Slave Act
Explain why the Emancipation Proclamation was more significant diplomatically than militarily.
It prevented European support for the Confederacy.
Which wartime policy most directly expanded executive power?
Suspension of habeas corpus.
How did Redeemer governments reverse Reconstruction gains without formally repealing amendments?
Voting restrictions, segregation, violence
These Southern Democrats sought to restore white supremacy and end Reconstruction.
Redeemers
Explain how sectional tensions in the 1850s made compromise increasingly impossible. Give one example besides slavery.
Growing polarization over slavery, violence, court rulings, and political breakdown
Analyze how westward expansion transformed slavery from a regional issue into a national crisis.
New territories threatened political balance and reignited debates.
Analyze one major advantage the Union had over the Confederacy during the war.
Industry, population, railroads, navy, leadership
Explain why the Civil War should be considered a “second American Revolution.” (Name at least 3 reasons)
Fundamental changes to slavery, federal power, and citizenship.
Compare Presidential and Congressional Reconstruction goals.
Speed vs. protection of rights
The Compromise of 1877 is best understood as an agreement that
In exchange of a Rep. President, Congress will withdraw federal troops and effectively ended Reconstruction