Corruption
Unofficial political organization that works to win elections in order to exercise power;
Rose to power in the late 1800s because of ill-equipped local governments that failed to meet the needs of growing urban populations
What is a political machine?
The company run by John D. Rockefeller
What is the Standard Oil Company?
1887 law designed to break up reservations into individual plots of land for Indians
What is the Dawes Act? (credit also for allotment)
A multi-dwelling building, often poor or overcrowded
What is a tenement?
This coast to coast railroad was completed in 1869
What is the transcontinental railroad?
Political machine of New York City that was well-known for its corruption, led by William "Boss" Tweed
What is Tammany Hall?
This idea, advanced by Andrew Carnegie, describes the responsibility of philanthropy by the new upper class of self-made rich
What is the gospel of wealth?
Where Native American children were forced to go to learn English, cut their hair, learn farming skills, and physically punished for practicing cultural customs.
What are Indian boarding schools? (Also credit for Carlisle School)
What was the Chinese Exclusion Act?
1862 law that provided free land in the West to anyone willing to settle there and develop it. Encouraged westward migration.
What is the Homestead Act?
1890 law that tried to regulate trusts. It favored businesses rather than workers and was originally used to break up labor unions.
What is Sherman's Antitrust Act?
An example of a local organizations who worked to improve conditions for farmers.
Who are the Grangers or Farmer's Alliance?
What is the Dakota War of 1862?
Policy that favors native-born or long-term resident individuals in the United States at the expense of immigrants
What is nativism?
This 1896 Supreme Court decision established the "separate but equal" doctrine, which stated that racial segregation was constitutional as long as facilities were equal
What is Plessy v. Ferguson?
Two examples of economic consolidation that allowed business owners to create a monopoly and destroy their competition.
What are vertical integration and horizontal integration?
Economic philosophy promoted by Adam Smith in his book, Wealth of Nations, that stated that business and the economy would run best with no interference from the government
What is laissez-faire?
A ritual dance performed by some members of the Sioux tribe in an effort to bring back the buffalo and remove white settlers from their lands
What is the ghost dance?
Set of beliefs, incorrectly applying scientific concept of "natural selection" to social phenomena. Those who subscribe to this believe that the strong should see their wealth and power increase, while the weak should see their wealth and power decrease
What is social darwinism?
The political platform for the Populist Party during the election of 1892 that included the Free Coinage of Siver and government regulation of the Railroads.
What is the Omaha Platform?
Law that prohibited rebates and required the railroads to publish their rates openly; also forbade unfair discrimination against shippers and outlawed charging more for a short haul than for a long one over the same line
What is the Interstate Commerce Act?
1894 strike in Chicago led by Eugene Debs for railroad workers that spread nationwide. President Grover Cleveland called in federal troops to put down the strike.
What is the Pullman Strike?
This 1890 battle involved nearly three hundred Lakota people killed by soldiers of the United States Army, including women and children, and is often considered the end of the Indian Wars
What is the Wounded Knee massacre?
This Chicago settlement house, founded by Jane Addams, was the first settlement house in the nation
This person advanced the idea that the frontier was decisive in forming the culture of American democracy and distinguishing it from European nations, and that by the 1880s the frontier was closed.
Who was Frederick Jackson Turner?