Periodic Trend
Which element has the highest electronegativity: fluorine, chlorine, or bromine?
Fluorine
What is the electron configuration of oxygen (O)?
1s²2s²2p⁴
These metals are found in the d-block of the periodic table.
Transition Metals
what bonds do two non-metal element make?
Covalent Bond
As you move down a group in the periodic table, what happens to the atomic radius?
The atomic radius increases
How many valence electrons does phosphorus (P) have?
5 Valence Electron
The general ion charge formed by elements in the Alkaline Earth Metal group.
+2 Charge
When a non-metal atom forms an ion, its radius increases because it gains electrons and experiences greater electron-electron repulsion.
What is Anion?
What trend in ionization energy is observed as you move across a period from left to right?
The ionization energy generally increases
What is the shorthand electron configuration of chromium (Cr)?
[Ar] 3d⁵ 4s¹
The metals among the following with the largest atomic radius: Ca, K, or Mg?
Potassium (K)
This non-metal, the lightest element, is unique because it can act as either a +1 cation or a −1 anion.
Hydrogen
Why do noble gases have low reactivity?
Their outer electron shells are completely filled with electrons.
Why does copper (Cu) have an electron configuration of [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s¹ instead of [Ar] 3d⁹ 4s²?
A filled d-subshell is more energetically stable than a partially filled one, leading to a lower overall energy for the atom.
Metals typically have a low value for this trend, meaning they don't strongly attract electrons in a bond.
What is Electronegativity?
These non-metals are found in Group 17 of the periodic table.
Halogens
The two fundamental factors in Coulomb's Law that determine the force of attraction between the nucleus and an electron are.
Charges and Distance
Write the electron configuration of the ion Fe²⁺.
1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d⁶
The metal that has the lowest second ionization energy (IE2) among the following: Li, Be, or Na.
What is Sodium (Na)?
The non-metal with the lowest first ionization energy among the following: F, O, or N.
What is Nitrogen (N)?