How was the periodic table created?
How did the first chemist try to organize elements?
By similarities in properties
What principle says each orbital can hold 2 electrons with opposing spins?
Pauli Exclusion Principle
What are the outermost electrons called?
Valence electrons
As you add more protons the electron cloud ____
Tightens
Ionization energy: amount of ___ needed to remove ___ e-
Energy, Valence
How did Dmitri Mendeleev arrange elements on his version of the periodic table?
Mass that increased from left to right.
What principle states electron fills orbitals in same subshell singly with parallel spins before doubling up?
Hund's Rule
Chemical properties of elements are largely determined by the # of ___ ____ they contain
Valence electrons
Order atoms from smallest to largest, "K, Kr, Ga, Mn"
Kr ->Ga ->Mn ->K
Larger atom is ____ to lose an electron because it has a low ___
What is it called when elements with similar properties fall into the same columns?
Periodic law
Aufbau Principle
The ____ ___ are the most chemically stable family
Noble gases
Why do transition metals have no trend for atomic size?
Because you are adding shield electrons, not valence electrons
How did Henry Moseley rearrange the periodic table?
By atomic number
What is the definition of Paramagnetic?
Unpaired electrons that cause a magnetic field
Why do columns have similar properties?
Cations are ___
Anions are ___
Smaller
Bigger
What's the difference between laws and theories?
Laws summarize while theories explain.
How do you draw electrons in orbitals?
Arrows going up and down
In transition metals, valence electrons are counted from which sublevels?
s and d
Order ions from smallest to largest, "N-3,F-1,Na+1,Al+3"
Al ->Na ->F ->N