Periodic Table Basics
This number tells you how many protons are in an atom.
What is the atomic number?
This type of element is shiny, malleable, and a good conductor.
What is a metal?
What are the electrons in an atom's outermost energy level called?
What are protons, neutrons, and electrons?
The horizontal rows of the periodic table are called this.
What are periods?
What are the electrons in an atom's outermost energy level called?
What is a valence electron?
Calculate the number of neutrons in carbon-14.
What is 8 neutrons (14 – 6)?
This element type is found along the “stair-step line” on the periodic table.
What is a metalloid?
Ionic bonds form when electrons are __________ between atoms.
What is transferred?
The vertical columns are called this.
What are groups?
How many valence electrons do Group 1 elements have?
What is one valence electron?
An element has an atomic number of 12 and a mass number of 24. Determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in a neutral atom.
12 protons, 12 neutrons, 12 electrons
Analyze the properties of silicon: brittle, semiconductive, shiny. Classify it as a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid.
What is a metalloid?
Covalent bonds form when electrons are __________ between atoms.
What is shared?
This group contains unreactive elements with full outer shells.
What are the noble gases?
Which would you predict to be least reactive: sodium, chlorine, or neon? Explain.
What is Neon, because it is a noble gas with a full outer energy level?
Elements in the same vertical column (group) share this property.
What is the same number of valence electrons?
Element X is somewhat shiny but brittle and can conduct electricity under certain conditions. Which classification is best supported by the evidence? Explain.
What is a metalloid? It displays a mixture of metallic and nonmetallic properties.
Explain why sodium and chlorine form an ionic bond.
What is sodium loses 1 electron and chlorine gains 1 electron, creating opposite charges?
Explain why elements in Group 1 are highly reactive.
What is because they all have 1 valence electron that is easily lost?
Sodium has 1 valence electron, while chlorine has 7 valence electrons. Both are highly reactive. Explain how both can be reactive even though they have different numbers of valence electrons.
What is Sodium can readily lose one electron, while chlorine can readily gain one electron. Both changes lead to more stable electron arrangements?
Compare the placement of sodium (Na) and argon (Ar) on the periodic table to explain why they behave differently in chemical reactions.
What is sodium has 1 valence electron in Group 1 (highly reactive), while argon has a full outer shell in Group 18 (stable)?
Compare oxygen and aluminum to explain why they are in different categories.
What is oxygen is a nonmetal (poor conductor), while aluminum is a metal (good conductor)?
Compare O₂ and NaCl to explain why one is covalent and the other is ionic.
What is O₂ is covalent (nonmetals share electrons) while NaCl is ionic (metal transfers electron to nonmetal)?
Element X is in Group 1, Period 4, while Element Y is in Group 18, Period 4. Predict one major difference in their chemical behavior and justify your prediction using their positions.
X (potassium) should be highly reactive, while Y (krypton) should have very low reactivity. Group 1 elements have one valence electron, while Group 18 elements have a full outer energy level.
Predict the type of bond between magnesium and oxygen and explain why.
What is ionic, because magnesium loses 2 electrons and oxygen gains 2 and it is a bond between a metal and a nonmetal?