B
What type of element loses electrons?
What type of element is hydrogen?
Nonmetal
2+
What are the ions in magnesium oxide? What is the ionic formula and ratio?
Mg2+ O2-
MgO 1:1
What type of element gains electrons?
Nonmetals
What are the ions in rubidium nitride? What is the ionic formula and ratio?
Rb1+ N3-
Rb3N 3:1
What group doesn't form ions? Why?
Noble Gases
Full outer shell (won't gain/lose e-)
How is atomic mass calculated?
Weighted average of isotopes
Sum of isotope masses * relative abundance
What is the nuclear charge on nitrogen?
7 because 7 protons
What is the most reactive metal and nonmetal?
Metal: Francium
Nonmetal: Fluorine
Describe Coulomb's Law in terms of subatomic particles.
Like charges repel (e-); opposite charges attract (e- and p+)
What was noticed about elements within a group?
Similar properties (ve- influence properties)
Who created the first periodic table? How was it organized?
Mendeleev
By increasing atomic mass
Which group can have different charge values?
Transition metals
Who updated the periodic table? How was it organized?
Moseley
By increasing atomic number
What does "more efficient shielding" refer to?
The inner e- can block the ve- well. Efficient shielding decreases across a period because of adding ve-.
What is shielding?
Inner electrons block ve- from feeling the full nuclear charge.
What does "more shielding" refer to?
There are more inner e- to block the ve-. Shielding increases down a period because of adding energy levels.
When creating the first periodic table, what was he studying that allowed him to organize the way he did? Hint: Think of one of the trend terms.
Reactivity (ratios of one element to another in compounds)
What is more reactive: sodium or magnesium? Why?
Sodium because it has less effective nuclear charge (less nuclear charge, more efficient shielding) than magnesium.
What has a bigger radius: a chloride ion or argon?
Chloride ion because there is less nuclear charge, so even with the same number of e-, the outer e- would need to spread out more to be at the same comfy distance.
Which is bigger: a rubidium atom or rubidium cation? Why?
The rubidium cation "loses" an energy level when it loses 1e-, so it is smaller than the atom.
Which is bigger: a sulfur anion or sulfur atom? Why?
Sulfur anion because it gains 2e- to complete the shell, so other the ve- need to spread to make room.
What has a higher ionization energy strontium or rubidium?
Strontium requires more energy to remove the first ve- because there is a higher effective nuclear charge (more nuclear charge, less efficient shielding --> e- feel more pull), so the atomic radius decreases, meaning that the ve- are closer to the nucleus and are harder to take away.
What has a bigger radius: xenon atom or cesium ion?
Xenon is bigger because the nuclear charge is smaller, so they both have the same number of ve-, but the cesium ion has a stronger pull because of having one more proton.