Atomic Radius
As you go down a group, the atomic radius of elements do this
What is increase?
As you go across the period, the ionic radii of elements does this
What is decrease?
Of Cs, Ag, Pb, and Br, this element has the lowest first ionization energy
What is Cs?
Electron affinity is the ability of an atom to attract this to itself
What are electrons?
Of Cs, Ag, Pb, and Br, which has the highest electronegativity
What is Br?
This element has the smallest atomic radius
What is Helium?
This best accounts for the fact that the F- ion is smaller than the O-2
What is a larger nuclear charge?
First ionization energy generally increases as this decreases due to Coulomb's Law and the stronger force of attraction
What is atomic radii?
When an electron is favorably added, the atom will release this
What is energy?
This element is the most electronegative element
What is Fluorine?
The atomic radius of Cl is smaller than that of S because Cl experiences this more than S does
What is a larger nuclear charge?
As you go across the period, ionic radii decreases, increases slightly at the first anion, and then deceases again. These interactions from the additional electrons cause the electron cloud to expand.
What are repulsions?
It would take more of this to remove an electron from an s-orbital versus a p-orbital
What is ionization energy?
Br has a greater electron affinity than I because there is a greater attraction between the added electron and Br's nucleus and a greater this in I
What is shielding effect?
The difference in element's electronegativity values leads to these kinds of bonds between elements
What are nonpolar covalent, polar covalent, and ionic bonds?
The atomic radius of Ca is larger than that of Mg because the valence electrons in Ca experience more of this than the valence electrons in Mg do
What is shielding?
Down a group, Coulomb's Law predicts that the force of attraction would do this as the distance between electrons and protons increases
What is decrease?
Calcium has a first ionization energy of 590 kJ/mol. Potassium's first ionization energy is this compared to Calcium's
What is less than?
Group 18 has positive EA values due to energy having to be added to get to the next this
What is energy level?
The electronegativity of Cl is less than F because bonding electrons are more shielded from this than the F bonding electrons are in F
What is the positive Cl nucleus?
This law predicts that as you go across the period, the atomic radius will decrease
What is Coulomb’s Law?
A greater shielding effect and decreased effective nuclear charge best explains this trend for ionic radii
What is increasing ionic radius down a group?
The IE of N is 1400 kJ/mol
The IE of O is 1314 kJ/mol
The IE of F is 1680 kJ/mol
This best explains the deviation of the first ionization energy of oxygen
What is repulsion between paired electrons in oxygen's 2p orbitals
As you go down a group, the EA for elements becomes less negative due in part to electrons experiencing a greater this
What is shielding effect?
Group 18 has a negligible electronegativity value due to these elements general not doing this
What is forming bonds with other elements?