Causes and effects of the Columbian Exchange
What continents were involved in the Columbian Exchange?
Europe, Africa, the Americas
What was different socially about French colonization than other countries’?
intermarriage
Which colony relied on slavery the most?
Southern
What methods of resistance did enslaved Africans use between the 1600s and 1750s?
running away and trying to slow down the work process
Were exports or imports considered more important in Mercantilism?
exports
What was one effect of the Columbian Exchange in Europe?
new plants caused population increase; diseases (syphilis); new animals and crops brought over
Who was Bartolomé De Las Casas?
Spanish priest who advocated for better treatment of Native Americans
advocated for New Laws of 1542 and an end to the encomienda system
Which colony was the most religiously tolerant?
Middle
What were Native Americans trying to achieve in Metacom’s War?
stop land encroachment
What colony had town meetings?
New England
What happened to the native population after the Columbian Exchange?
over half of the population died from European diseases; starvation; more nomadic lifestyle
Explain how religion influenced either Spanish, French, or Dutch colonies
Spanish - conversion to Catholicism and Bartolome De Las Casas also advocated for conversion as well as better treatment of Native Americans
French - Jesuits encouraged colonists to work with Native Americans and conversion to Catholicism
Dutch - motivated by protestant reformation but not trying to convert
Which colony had the House of Burgesses?
VA
What kind of people fought against Sir William Berkeley in Bacon's Rebellion?
poor farmers and poor indentured servants
Name 2 of the restrictions that the Navigation Acts had on trade.
Only English or colonial built ships; All goods had to pass through ports in England; Specified goods only exported to England only
Name two animals and one crop that arrived in North America
pigs, cows, horses
corn
Compare and contrast the encomienda and the asiento systems
Asiento - colonists pay tax to the King for each enslaved person
Encomienda - King granted Natives who lived on a piece of land to a Spaniard
What was the geography (soil type) of each colony?
New England - rocky soil
Middle - rich soil
Southern - diverse soil
What were the Pueblo Indians in Pueblo’s Revolt fighting against?
forced labor, religious persecution by Catholic missionaries
Describe the Mayflower Compact and its significance.
Pledged to make decisions by will of majority; Early form of self government, rudimentary constitution
Name one disease that appeared in the Americas and one that appeared in Europe
in Americas - measles, mumps, typhus, chicken pox
in Europe - syphilis
Explain each countries’ economic motivation for colonizing
Spain - raw materials like gold and silver and free labor
France - fur industry
Dutch - fur industry (avoided Native Americans)
What were the main exports for the Middle colonies and the Southern colonies?
Middle - cereal crops, grain
Southern - tobacco, rice, indigo
What did colonial slave codes do?
legalized lifetime slavery; Ensured enslaved people stayed in bondage for life; status hereditary (mother to child)
What was the goal of the Navigation Acts? Were they a success?
goal - add to Great Britain's wealth
not successful - GB lax about regulations
limited development of the colonial economy