Thirteen and Thriving
Boats, Bonds, and Barrels
Seeds of Settlement
Bound in Chains
Past & Curious
100

This New England colony was founded by Puritans seeking religious freedom for themselves but had little tolerance for other religions.

Massachusetts (Bay Colony)

100

This economic system aimed to increase a nation’s wealth through a favorable balance of trade and colonial resources.

mercantilism

100

The cultivation of this crop in present-day Mexico and the American Southwest allowed for the growth of settled communities.

maize

100

This system in Spanish America forced Native Americans to labor in agriculture and mining.

Encomienda system

100

Event that resulted in the deaths of 24 innocent men and women in Massachusetts

Salem Witch Trials

200

Colonists in the Chesapeake region primarily grew this cash crop, which later relied on enslaved African labor.

tobacco

200

Three words to describe the Middle Passage

examples: inhumane, unsanitary, deathly, exploitation, etc.

200

The “Three Sisters” agricultural system combined maize with these two other crops.

beans and squash

200

By the late 1600s, indentured servitude in the Chesapeake gave way to this labor system across the south.

African chattel slavery

200

One new law in response to slave rebellions

  • Enslavement as a permanent, hereditary condition

  • Legality of the physical punishment of enslaved people

  • Limited the ability of enslaved people to gather or testify

  • Punishments for white people who harbored fugitives

  • Ban on interracial marriage

300

The Middle Colonies were known for producing this staple crop, which gave them the nickname the “breadbasket colonies.”

wheat (cereal crops)

300

The transfer of plants, animals, people, diseases, technology, ideas, etc. between the New World and the Old World

The Columbian Exchange

300

Native groups in the Great Plains and Great Basin developed this kind of lifestyle in response to their dry environment

a nomadic/mobile lifestyle

300

Major fear caused by Bacon's Rebellion

Possibility of an interracial alliance between white indentured servants and Black slaves

300

Name the five main countries involved in transatlantic trade

Spain, Portugal, The Netherlands, France, and Great Britain

400

Two examples of early self-government (in Virginia and Massachusetts)

House of Burgesses (VA) and the Mayflower Compact (MA)

400

Draw a basic map of the transatlantic slave trade (include the regions involved and the goods exchanged)

400

One way indigenous people reacted to European colonization.

  • attempted alliances with French/Dutch for trade

  • relocation from their homeland

  • self-defense
400

Enslaved Africans resisted slavery in both overt and covert ways. Give one example of each.

  • Overt: rebellions, running away, suicide, self-harm

  • Covert: slow work, preserving African traditions, secret religious practices, gaining an education

400

Define indentured servants

Poor Europeans who agreed to work 4-7 years in exchange for passage to the Americas, food, and shelter. They were free after their contract ended

500

Name two features that distinguished the Southern plantation colonies from New England colonies.

Southern: plantations, enslaved labor, cash crops, plantation elite

New England: small farms, town meetings, mixed economy, Puritan base

500

One way the indigenous people in the Americas were affected by transatlantic trade.

  • Spread of disease (population decline)

  • Dependency on European goods (weapons, tools)

  • Economic disruption and shifting power balances

  • Forced labor (South America)

  • Forced relocation 

500

Explain how maize cultivation contributed to both economic and social development among Native societies. (need 1 economic development and 1 social development)

  • Economic: surplus food supported growth, irrigation, trade

  • Social: promoted permanent villages, hierarchies, division of labor

500

Explain one reason why slavery expanded in the Southern colonies more than in New England.

Long growing seasons, labor-intensive crops (tobacco, rice, indigo), plantation economy

500

What was the Holy Experiment?

William Penn's plan to establish the colony of Pennsylvania as a sanctuary for Quakers and other persecuted religious groups, built on Quaker principles of religious tolerance, brotherly love, and participatory government