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What does the brain stem consist of?
What is midbrain, pons and medulla?
Name the physiological state of heightened arousal in the sympathetic nervous system?
What is accelerated heart rate, increased blood pressure, shift of blood flow from the skin and gastrointestinal tract to skeletal muscles and brain, increased blood sugar level, dilation of bronchioles and pupils, constriction of the stomach, intestine, and internal sphincter of the urethra?
Primary stress hormone: supports fight-or-flight response (ANS), maintains constant blood pressure and blood glucose levels, regulates immune function, regulates anti-inflammatory mechanisms?
In nervous system states, where do we want to be?
What is window of tolerance?
Internal core of brainstem consists of complex set of neuronal groups?
What is reticular formation?
What is the Autonomic Nervous System?
What is independently regulates critical life body functions without cortical input (i.e. the brain)?
Regulates homeostasis and slows the body down?
What is the parasympathetic nervous system?
Portion of reticular formation responsible for arousal, alertness, wakefulness?
What is reticular activating system (RAS)?
In regards to chronic stress and memory, cortisol can destroy cells where?
HPA axis should turn itself off through the negative feedback loop when the stressful event has been dealt with, stopping what?
What is stopping the release of cortisol?
What are the three divisions in the autonomic nervous system?
What is Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS), Parasympathetic Nervous System (PSNS) and Enteric Nervous System (ENS)?
What are the functions of the parasympathetic nervous system?
What is slows heart rate, stimulates digestion, constricts the pupil, stimulates release of insulin, slow respiration, stimulates contraction of the bladder?
HPA axis should turn on in response to stress leading to what?
What is the release of cortisol?
Perform occupations with efficiency, effectiveness, focus, motivation, etc
What is Optimal Arousal Level?
Hypothalamus secretes hormones to the posterior and anterior pituitary. Explain what happens in the posterior and anterior pituitary during secreting.
What is posterior then secretes the same hormones into the bloodstream. Anterior then secretes its own hormones?
What are the functions of the Autonomic Nervous System? (It is a lot)
What is innervates internal organs, blood vessels, glands, regulates cardiac and smooth muscle, regulates secretion from glands.
controls vegetative functions: (involuntary), temperature, digestion, heart rate, respiration, Metabolism, Maintenance of internal organ homeostasis, Blood pressure. Controls visceral reactions – automatic, physical responses to strong emotions (fear, joy, danger) -- sweating, increased heart rate, butterflies in stomach, crying, etc. Influences muscle tone through motor tracts?
The state of activation or stimulation of the body's physiological systems (e.g. nervous system, cardiovascular system, etc.)?
What is Physiological Arousal Level?
What is the function of the hypothalamus?
What is central control center of the ANS! (aka THE BOSS). Regulates the ANS in response to internal and external changes?
What is the Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis (HPA Axis) process? Explain it
What is: stress from environment- amygdala>hypothalmus>corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), anterior pituitary>adrenocorticotropic hormone>adrenal cortex>cortisol>negative feedback and hippocampus ?
What is involved in these things: modulation of sensory transmission to the cortex, maintain attention and arousal, regulation of motor activity, posture, autonomic regulation - connected with the hypothalamus, sleep and wakefulness cycles, modulation of emotional behavior?
What is reticular formation?
When does the Sympathetic Nervous System activate?
What is activates the fight/flight response during situations of 'stress' or perceived threat?
What part of the brain has the following functions? Releases hormones from the pituitary gland, adrenal glands, and pineal gland, regulates temperature, regulates hunger and thirst, regulates sleep-wake cycles and fatigue, works with the limbic system in expression of emotions?
What is the hypothalamus?
Response for energy conversation, storage, and replenishment 'rest and digest'?
What is the parasympathetic nervous system?
What is the stress response process? (Explain)
1. Experience a stressful event.
2. The amygdala and limbic system process the emotion and initiate a fear response.
3. The amygdala sends a distress signal to the hypothalamus.
4. Signals sent through autonomic nerves to adrenal glands to secrete epinephrine, i.e. activates the SNS. Activates the HPA Axis by secreting hormones to the pituitary gland, which sustains the 'gas pedal' on the SNS.
True or False: certain types of sensory input can inhibit or excite the reticular activating system (RAS) and either calm or alert the body.
True