Process
The process of hydrogen atoms separating and replacing the disulfide bonds in the cortex by introducing hydrogen atoms that attach to the sulfur atoms located in the amino acid, cysteine.
What is perm processing?
A chemical solution that stops the waving process; it rebuilds the bonds into their new form
What is a neutralizer?
A process done to ensure the correct wave pattern and and perm rod choice
What is a preliminary test curl?
The other name for alkaline waves
What is Cold Waves
The main ingredient in true acid waves and acid balancing waving lotions
What is Glyceryl Monothioglycolate
Waves that use an ingredient other than ammonia to reduce the odor associated with ammonia perms. The active ingredient is typically Monoethanolamine (MEA) / Aminomethylpropanol
What are Ammonia Free Waves?
Rods that have a small diameter in the center with a larger diameter increase throughout the remaining length of the tool. These rods produce a slightly uneven curl or wave pattern within a subsection of hair.
What are concave rods?
The barrier applied around the hairline and ears to protect the skin from permanent wave lotions
What is protective cream?
The breaking of the disulfide bonds.
What is reduction?
The complete neutralizing process.
The shaped formation looked for when a perm rod is unwrapped
What is an "S" shape?
The pH of alkaline waves.
What is 8.5 to 9.5?
Permanent waves processed with the application of heat and have a pH between 4.5 - 7. They process slower.
Permanent waves are recent additions to the perm market types and use components other than thioglycolate as the reducer, such as Mercaptamine / Cysteamine.
What are Thio - Free Waves?
Rods that have an even diameter width throughout the entire rod length, producing uniform curl or wave throughout a subsection of hair.
What are straight rods?
An allergic reaction caused by repeated exposure to a chemical or substance.
The percentage of disulfide bonds that result in a good perm.
What is 50%?
The pH range for neutralizers.
What is 3.0 - 7.0?
The alternate method for checking the curl, involving removing the entire rod
What is the flip up effect?
The main ingredient of an alkaline wave
What is thioglycolic acid
Waving processed without heat and have a pH between 7 to 8.2 They produce firmer curl and process more quickly.
What are acid balanced waves
Waves that are usually lower in pH and recommended for body waves, as they do not form a strong curl pattern. The active ingredient typically used is Ammonium Sulfite / Ammonium Bisulfite.
What are low pH waves?
Rods that are also known as Flexible Rods, are foam covered rods that are easily bent into different shapes. They come in differing diameters and are approximately twelve inches in length. The rods are folded over once the wrapping is completed. They do not require bands or clips to keep them in place. They can be bent in numerous ways to create a variety of wave textures and patterns.
What are bender rods?
These are optional items used to maintain balance and eliminate pressure by lifting the bands off the hair.
What are perm picks?
The next step to determine if more time is needed.
What is a processing strand test?
The main ingredient for neutralizer
What is hydrogen peroxide or sodium bromate?
The result of permanent wave lotion remaining on the hair beyond the recommended processing time, producing damaged hair.
What is over processed hair?
The combination of ammonia and thioglycolic acid that creates a reducing agent used in permanent waves and relaxers.
What is Ammonium Thioglycolate (ATG)
Waves processed by the application of a heat source like a hood dryer or heat processor
What are endothermic waves?
The type of waves typically good for color treated hair.
What are acid waves?
Rods that are also known as Circular Rods, are long, plastic rods that are used to create spiral curls. They are wrapped while straight, then bent and connected to form a circle.
What are loop rods?
The method of wrapping the hair from ends inward toward the scalp in overlapping layers. This wrap produces curls that are tighter on the ends and larger at the scalp.
What is a croquignole wrap?
The most important part of the process that ensures consistency when working with permanent chemicals
What is following manufacturer's guidelines
The chemical process of neutralizing any remaining permanent wave lotion in the hair after processing and rinsing
What is oxidation?
The result when the permanent wave lotion does not remain on the hair long enough to produce the desired curl pattern.
What is underprocessed hair?
The type of hair alkaline waves are best used on and explain that type of hair.
What is hair that is classified as resistant. Resistant hair is when the cuticle scales are lying flat or compact, which hinders chemicals from penetrating into the cortex.
Waves processed by a chemical reaction that releases heat. They are considered self heating therefore an outside heat source is not needed
What are exothermic waves?
The best perm categories for normal hair types
What are ammonia free waves, thio free waves, and low pH waves?
Rods that are pliable foam rods that allow hair to chemically altered, resulting in a soft-end result
What are sponge rods?
What is a spiral wrap?