Background
Perry et al. was interested in how ____ is ffected by different factors
Personal space preferences
What design was it ( _____ experiment)
Laboratory
What was the DV in the first experiment
preferred distance measured between participant and approaching person/object
What was the DV in the second experiment
preferred distance and angle between two chairs in a room
summarize the conclusions found
Low empathy + OT = increased personal distance
High empathy + OT = decreased personal distance
Measuring distance from preferences of social figures is called _____ distance
Interpersonal
What were the independent variables, high and low what
Empathy
Name one of the four scenarios animated for the point at which participants were asked to say when they would stop the person from coming closer
Close friend Stranger Authority figure Rolling ball
Name three items or furniture in the room's participants would choose from
2 identical chairs in middle
– Table on one side
– Cupboard
– Plant
– Lamp
– Clock
list some strengths
Good internal validity (counterbalancing to reduce order
effects)
Extraneous variables controlled (social interaction after OT or
saline minimized)
Double-blind procedure reduces demand characteristics and
researcher bias
Lab experiment is highly standardized = high
reliability/replicability
Perry believed that personal space preferences can be influenced by _____
social horomones
What is the dependent variable
Personal Space
How many trials per figure, and how many trials total
24 per figure 96 total
how many pairs of chair distances and pairs of table-plant differences (they're the same)
21 pairs each
list some weaknesses
Laboratory setting lacks ecological validity
Participants asked to judge preferred distances using computer
images, which may not be the same as an actual person who may
be known to them = lacks basic/mundane realism
Perry wondered whether levels of _____ were influenced by OT
Empathy
Experiment 1 and 2 used ____ measures (same thing over and over)
Repeated
what was the result of procedure 1
participants’ need for personal distance increases as the approaching figure is less known to them
what was the overall conclusion of experiment 2
OT did not affect general preferences only the preferences for social context
list some ethical problems/resolutions
Informed consent obtained
Approved by U of Hafia ethics committee and the Hadassah Medical
Centre to safeguard well-being
No side effects reported from participants for either OT or saline
Both of which were administered painlessly
Fully debriefed
Deception about purpose of task in Exp. 2 unlikely to cause
psychological distress
What is OT
oxytocin- a hormone involved in emotional responses
this study was conducted at the university of
Haifa
list some statistics associated with the groups and percentages
ot group. placebo
Stranger 39.73% 38.55%
Authority 30.55% 33.92%
Ball 14.42% 20.96%
Friend 8.49% 11.02%
What are the angles of the chairs placed, name one
0°: both facing forwards
• 45° each
• 90°: facing each other
what approach was this
social