Persian Rulers & Empire
Which Persian king is famous for establishing a policy of tolerance toward conquered peoples and allowing the Jews to return to Jerusalem?
Cyrus the Great
Who was the founder of the ancient Persian religion Zoroastrianism?
Zoroaster
What was Confucius’s main goal in developing his social philosophy?
To restore social order, harmony, and good government
Who was the founder of Daoism?
Laozi
What was the name of the road created by the Han Dynasty that facilitated trade throughout the world?
The Silk Road
Who took power after Cyrus and expanded the Persian Empire, but alienated his subjects by mocking local religions?
Cambyses
According to Zoroastrian belief, who is the single god of truth and light?
Ahura Mazda
According to Confucianism, social order and harmony are built upon which foundation?
Five basic relationships guided by proper conduct and respect
According to Daoism, what is the universal force that guides all living things?
The Dao ("The Way")
What were the two main exports of the Han Dynasty?
Silk & Salt
Which administrative division was created under Darius to help govern the vast Persian Empire?
Provinces ruled by Satraps
What central concept does Zoroastrianism emphasize regarding human life?
Choosing between good and evil
What is filial piety in Confucian thought?
Respect shown for parents and elders
Who was the key figure that developed Legalist philosophy in China?
Han Feizi
What was the reasoning for the fall of the Persian Empire?
Ineffective leaders after Darius
Ancient highway constructed to quickly connect the Persian Empire from Susa to Sardis
Royal Road
The god of evil and darkness
Ahriman
What compiled collection contains the teachings and sayings of Confucius?
The Analects
Which Qin emperor adopted Legalism, unified China, and built the early Great Wall?
Shi Huangdi
Compare the methods used by Darius of Persia to hold his vast empire together with those used by Shi Huangdi during the Qin Dynasty in China.
Darius used a combination of administrative structure and religious tolerance to keep peace. Shi Huangdi used strict centralized control, Legalist laws, severe punishments, and defense construction (Great Wall) to force unity.
What system of standardized currency did Darius introduce across the empire to boost trade?
Metal coins of common value
How did Cyrus the Great differ from previous empires?
He governed with tolerance and respect for local customs
Which Chinese ethical system taught that a highly efficient and powerful government was key to social order?
Legalism
Reason for the Golden Age of China and contributions to the world
Han Dynasty
What social order issue in China led to the rise of philosophy during the late Zhou Dynasty?
The breakdown of traditional values during the Warring States period