Language History
What language family is Persian in?
Indo-European
(Indo-Iranian)
What is the basic word order of Persian?
SOV
What is the most complex syllable structure of Persian?
CVCC
What is Persian culture most known for?
Intricate metalwork and architecture
True/False-Persian is written from Left to Right
True
What areas are Persian native to?
Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Iraq, Turkmenistan, Russia, Azerbaijan
How many vowels does Persian have?
6 vowels
(3 short, /æ/, /e/ and /o/ )
(3 long, /ɒː/, /iː/ and /uː/ )
True/False - Persian has a rigid sentence structure that strictly follows SOV.
False
Persian has case endings that allow for flexible word order.
What are War/Combat dances?
They were used in the past to train warriors. It was a ritual for all in the army.
How many native speakers are there?
Around 62 million
What are considered the "Standard" forms of Persian?
Iranian Persian, Dari - Afghanistan, Tajik - Tajikistan
True/False: Affixes are native to the language and highly intelligible.
Persian word for “desert”, that is “biyâbân”, is made up of intelligible parts: “bi” (without), “âb” (water), “-ân” (a suffix of “place”).
Out of the 4 phonological processes we have studied, (lenition, epenthesis, dissimilation, and assimilation), what is one used in Persian?
Answer - Epenthesis
- /ae/ (bat) is inserted between consonants
- glottal stop consonant [ʔ] is inserted in words that begin with a vowel
What cultures have the Persian culture influenced?
Southeastern Europe, Eastern Europe, Central Asia, The Arabian Peninsula, and Southeast Asia
When did modern Persian start being spoken?
800 AD
What languages did Persian influence?
Turkic, Armenian, Georgian and Arabic
What consonants in Persian are not in English?
Velar Fricative
Uvular Fricative
Uvular Affricate
Describe the onset, nucleus, coda and what sounds they can contain.
Onset - C - Any
Nucleus - V - Any
Coda - 1st C - Any
2nd C - Mostly (d,k,s,t,z)
What music has Iranian music influenced?
West Asian, Central Asian, European, and South Asian
How do you say hello in Persian?
Salam, which, in Persian (same as Arabic with a few added consonants), is spelled سلام
Where did Persian originate from?
Southwestern Iran, spoken by a tribe in the 1st millennium BCE - Parsuwash
T/F: Candy (ghandy-قندی ) is a borrowing from English to Persian.
T/F: Spinach (s-fenaj-قندی ) is a borrowing from English to Persian.
T/F: Radio-اسفناج is a borrowing from French to Persian.
T/F: Automobile (otomobile-اتومبیل ) is a borrowing from French to Persian.
All are true.
Due to Persia's long historical relationship with both Britain and France, they have shared some words.
Verbs can express both tense and aspect and do not with the subject in person and number.
Verbs can express both tense and aspect and agree with the subject in person and number.
What is the Behistun inscription?
It is a multilingual royal inscription made during the reign of Darius I the Great. It is essential to the decipherment of the ancient language cuneiform.
What are 2 other names for Persian?
Dari/Farsi