Descartes
The first belief Descartes thought he could be sure of after subjecting all his beliefs to doubt.
What is 'that he exists'?
View that says we are fundamentally thinking things, though we are intimately connected to our bodies.
What is Substance Dualism?
View that says free will is not compatible with determinism.
What is incompatibilism?
Philosopher who argues against Peter Singer and Jeff McMahon's criteria for moral standing.
Who is Eva Kittay?
A deductive syllogism consisting of a major premise, and minor premise, and a conclusion, which state some relationships between classes of things.
What is a categorical syllogism (or an Aristotelian syllogism)?
What "Cogito Ergo Sum" means
What is, I think, therefore I am.
Principle that says if 2 explanations explain the same thing equally well, you ought to favor the simpler explanation (This is often invoked in a arguments for Materialism).
What is Ockham's Razor?
Argues that freedom of the will means having your higher order desires align in a way that allows you to choose what kind of person you want to be.
Who is Harry Frankfurt?
Someone who can be held morally responsible for their actions.
What are moral agents?
If P then Q
Not P
Thus Not Q
What is Denying the Antecedent
(an Invalid argument)?
Problem that arises when two explanations work to explain some phenomenon, and there's no way in principle to tell which of the explanations is true (for example, like whether you're experiencing things because they are real or because you're being deceived by an evil deceiver).
What is underdetermination?
View that says we are composites of form and matter.
What is hylomorphism?
View that says Incompatibilism is true and we have free will.
What is libertarianism?
What Barnes DENIES a physical disability is
What is a negative difference maker?
What follows from the following premises:
Either you finish the assignment today or turn it in late. If you turn it in late, you will get a bad grade. If you finish the assignment today, you will have to miss the party.
What is "Either you will get a bad grade or you will miss the party."
Reason Descartes has for doubting his beliefs about Mathematics are true.
What is the possibility that he is being deceived (by God or by an evil deceiver)
This philosopher we read is confident that the mysteries of consciousness can eventually be solved by neuroscience.
Who is Patricia Churchland?
Argues for compatibilsit freedom by saying that to be free, you must be determined by the Good.
Who is Susan Wolf?
Phrase Kittay uses to describe the work parents of children with disabilities must do to help society adapt to welcome their children.
What is the invisible labor of care?
What can you deduce from the following premises:
All cats are vertebrates.
No vertebrates lack brains.
what is "No cats lack brains"?
Malleable object Descartes used to illustrate the principle that the mind and its contents are better known than material things.
What is wax?
Contemporary of Descartes' who raised the Interaction Problem against Substance Dualism in correspondence with him.
Who is Elisabeth of Bohemia?
Argument that says incompatibilist free will is impossible because acts of the will that are undetermined are too chancy. (If we roll back time a thousand times and you choose to do x 700 times and y 300 times, who knows whether you will do x or y on the 1,001st time?)
What is van Inwagen's Mind argument?
Aquinas' term for someone with a severe cognitive disability.
What is amens?
What can you deduce from these premises:
If Kathy finds her passport, she is free to travel to Europe. Kathy is going to the airport only if she finds her passport. Kathy is going to the airport.
what is "Kathy is free to travel to Europe."