In psychology, the cut-off for statistical significance is usually set at _______.
.05
100
To compute F, the dependent variable must be this level of measurement.
Ratio
100
To claim statistical significance, do we reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis.
Reject the null hypothesis
100
When graphing the results of a two-way between-subjects design, what may indicate a significant interaction?
Non-parallel lines
200
For a t test, there must be only ____ levels of the independent variable.
2
200
The simplest experimental design includes how many variables?
2. 1 IV and 1 DV
200
In a true experiment, participants usually are ______ assigned to the conditions.
Randomly
200
In an experiment, the ________ variable is manipulated and the _______ variable is measured.
Independent / Dependent
200
What is a 1 potential confound in a pretest-posttest experimental design?
Answers will vary.
300
What does ANOVA stand for?
Analysis of variance
300
Participants in _________ designs serve in all conditions of the experiment.
within-subjects
300
In an independent-samples t-Test, what is the null hypothesis?
The two group means are equal; there is no effect of the 1 IV on the DV
300
In a between-subjects design, researchers want to keep ___________ variance as low as possible.
Within-group variance (error variance)
300
In a 2 x 3 experimental design, how many independent variables are there?
2
400
There are generally 3 types of manipulations in experiments. Environmental, instructional, and __________>
Invasive
400
In an experiment, participants may drop out of the study conditions at different rates. What is this called?
Differential attrition
400
What is 1 advantage of a within-subjects design over a between-subjects design?
Answers will vary.
400
What is another name for a directional hypothesis?
A one-tailed test
400
In a one-way ANOVA, what is the minimum number of groups of the independent variable?
3
500
Define "Main Effect" in a two-way experimental design
The effect of 1 independent variable on the dependent variable, regardless of the level of the second independent variable.
500
F is computed as the ratio of _________ to ___________
Between-groups variance to within-groups variance (or error)
500
In a two-way ANOVA, how many main effects will be tested?
Two
500
Name the experimental design in which participants are measured on the dependent variable at the beginning of a study (baseline) and after the experimental manipulations?
pretest-posttest design
500
In an experimental design, systematic variance may be caused by your independent variable(s) and what else?