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Lions
Tigers
Bears
Otters
Sea Lions
100
The A-B-C theory of personality suggests that emotional consequences are largely created by a) a significant precipitating event. b) biological predispositions. c) one’s beliefs. d) unconscious conflict between aggressive and inhibitory impulses.
What is c) one’s beliefs.
100
According to Beck, the depressed individual has a negative view of him- or herself, the world, and the future. These three perceptions are known as the a) sociotropic triad. b) negative triad. c) cognitive triad. d) musturbatory triad.
What is c) cognitive triad.
100
Choose the correct alternative. (a) The amount of effort and satisfaction that accompany variation in goals is independent of the level at which they are set. (b) When self-satisfaction is contingent on attainment of difficult goals, more effort is expended than if easy ones are adopted as adequate. (c) When goals are set moderately high, most performances prove disappointing. (d) Strong effort that produces repeated failure strengthens the motivation to succeed.
What is b) When self-satisfaction is contingent on attainment of difficult goals, more effort is expended than if easy ones are adopted as adequate.
100
According to Bandura, the fact that the tobacco executives knowingly justified the perpetuation of harm to consumers is due to their (a) moral disengagement (b) self-regulation (c) conditional positive regard. (d) vicarious reinforcement
What is a) moral disengagement
100
Watching professional basketball players slam-dunk the ball inspired Fred to imitate their moves on his driveway. However, he is too short, as is his vertical leap, to reach the rim. According to Bandura, Fred is lacking the means for which process of observational learning? a) Attentional b) Motivational c) Motor production d) Retentional
What is c) Motor production
200
One characteristic of Beck’s concept of schemas is that they a) develop late in life. b) shape the personality. c) are always maladaptive. d) are less stable than cognitions.
What is b) shape the personality.
200
A therapist who is using the technique of decatastrophizing might ask which of the following questions? a) Can you get in touch with that sad feeling? b) What’s the worst thing that can possibly happen? c) Who’s the most successful person you ever met? d) Why do you feel that you have to do everything perfectly?
What is b) What’s the worst thing that can possibly happen?
200
Choose the correct alternative. (a) Self-motivation through self-reactive influences where people observe their own behaviour, set goals, and reinforce their performances is a minor factor in a variety of motivational phenomena. (b) The higher the performance standards people set for themselves, the more uncertain their attainments are likely to be (c) High achievers make self-satisfaction contingent on attainment of extremely difficult goals; low achievers adopt easy goals as sufficient. (d) Self-reactive influences mediate the effects of extrinsic feedback that are assumed to possess reinforcing properties.
What is (d) Self-reactive influences mediate the effects of extrinsic feedback that are assumed to possess reinforcing properties.
200
Compared to earlier learning theorists, who depended primarily on principles of reinforcement to explain human behavior, Bandura views people as a) responsive to punishment. b) illogical. c) agents of experience. d) controlled by unconscious processes.
What is c) agents of experience.
200
Jessica definitely experienced intrinsic reinforcement when she a) felt good after exercising in the gym. b) received a pat on the back from her soccer coach. c) was named one of the top ten female high school athletes of the year. d) won a medal after finishing second in the track meet.
What is a) felt good after exercising in the gym.
300
Drawing a conclusion without supporting evidence, even in the face of contradictory evidence, is an example of a) arbitrary inference. b) minimization. c) personalization. d) selective abstraction.
What is a) arbitrary inference.
300
. Rebecca does not trust babysitters. She bases this distrust on an isolated news report about a baby sitter who mistreated several children many years ago. After hearing this news report, she concluded that “that’s what babysitters do” and since that time has not hired a babysitter to care for her child. Rebecca’s thinking exemplifies which of the cognitive distortions? a) Personalization b) Dichotomous thinking c) Minimization d) Overgeneralization.
What is d) Overgeneralization.
300
Choose the incorrect alternative. (a) The degree to which goals create incentives for action is partly determined by goal specificity. (b) General goals provide little basis for regulating one’s efforts or evaluating how one is doing. (c) To be successful, one needs a balance of general and specific goals.
What is c) To be successful, one needs a balance of general and specific goals.
300
According to Bandura, intentionality, forethought, self-reactiveness, and self-reflectiveness are components of a) modeling. b) triadic reciprocal causation. c) reinforcement. d) human agency.
What is d) human agency.
300
When Alana sees a woman using sign language on television, she is able to learn many of the signs. The next day, when her mother introduces her to a deaf boy, she does not use the signs, even though she remembers them. Which of the four processes that govern observational learning is Alana missing? a) Attentional processes b) Retention processes c) Motor reproduction processes d) Motivational processes
What is d) Motivational processes
400
. Coming back to his apartment building one evening, Pete saw the firefighters were rushing in to put out a fire. Even though there were seventy-four other apartments in the building, he immediately assumed that the fire must have started in his apartment through his negligence. Pete’s thinking is characterized by which cognitive distortion? a) Dichotomous thinking b) Magnification c) Overgeneralization d) Personalization
What is d) Personalization
400
Choose the alternative that is incorrect. We need Bandura’ social learning theory because (a) Operant Conditioning theory should be ignored (b) Humans have made their lives more complicated than other species (c) Some reinforcers are seemingly insubstantial (e.g., simply understanding something) (d) Human goals involve many chains of conditioned reinforcers
What is a) Operant Conditioning theory should be ignored
400
What is the difference between self-efficacy and self-esteem? (a) Self-efficacy entails judgments of self-worth; self-esteem entails judgments about ability. (b) Self-esteem entails judgments of self-worth; self-efficacy entails judgment of ability. (c) Self-esteem is a flexible concept; self-efficacy is a stable concept. (d) Self-efficacy is a flexible concept; self-esteem is a stable concept
What is b) Self-esteem entails judgments of self-worth; self-efficacy entails judgment of ability.
400
According to Bandura’s theory of triadic reciprocal causation, ________ factors account for human behavior. a) behavioral, unconscious, and cognitive b) behavioral, cognitive, and environmental c) cognitive, birth order, and unconscious d) behavioral, birth order, and environmental
What is b) behavioral, cognitive, and environmental
400
Pavlov’s demonstration of classical conditioning showed that learning could occur by pairing a) A reflex response with a conditioned response. b) Food and salivation. c) An unconditioned stimulus with and unconditioned response. d) An unconditioned stimulus with a neutral stimulus.
What is d) An unconditioned stimulus with a neutral stimulus.
500
The ______________ dimension is characterized by dependence on interpersonal relationships and needs for closeness and nurturing, whereas the ___________ dimension is characterized by independence and is organized around goals-setting, self-determination, and self-imposed obligations. a) Trustabatory; musturbatory b) Mustabatory; trustabatory c) Autonomous; sociotropic d) Sociotropic; autonomous
What is d) Sociotropic; autonomous
500
Which of the following statements is incorrect? (a) Anticipation is an important source of reward and punishment. (b) Exceeding your anticipated performance brings satisfaction. (c) Success brings lasting satisfaction. (d) a and b are correct
What is c) Success brings lasting satisfaction.
500
According to Bandura, there are four major sources of self-efficacy. Which of the following is not one of Bandura’s major sources of self-efficacy? (a) Mastery Experiences (b) Social Modeling (c) Social Persuasion (d) Social Appeal
What is (d) Social Appeal
500
Andre sees a person put money into a soda machine, push the button to select a soda, and receive nothing. Andre decides to put his money into a different soda machine. Bandura would argue that _________ best explains Andre’s behavior. a) punishment b) observational learning c) positive reinforcement d) negative reinforcement
What is b) observational learning
500
Thorndike’s law of effect states that a) Frustration leads to increased efforts to perform. b) Learning occurs as a result of the reduction of some need or drive. c) Behaviour that leads to satisfaction tends to occur more frequently. d) Behaviour and feelings of satisfaction are unrelated.
What is c) Behaviour that leads to satisfaction tends to occur more frequently.