Ethos
Appeals to the audience's perception of the speaker's character, authority, and reliability.
What is Ethos?
This appeal focuses on reason, facts, and evidence to persuade an audience.
What is Logos?
The appeal designed to evoke feelings like sadness, joy, or fear in the audience.
What is Pathos?
The intentional pairing of two opposite or contrasting ideas in a balanced sentence, like "Speech is silver, but silence is gold."
What is antithesis?
When a speaker emphasizes their professional background or years of experience.
What is establishing credibility/expertise?
A statement of fact that can be verified and is often used to support a claim.
What is evidence or a statistic?
A speaker using a story or personal anecdote about a victim to make an issue more impactful.
What is an example of an appeal to emotion or pathos?
The strategic use of a question within a speech not to get an answer, but to make a point.
What is a rhetorical question?
The rhetorical term for appearing to understand the audience's feelings and perspective, which boosts the speaker's character.
What is Tough-Mindedness? (or Goodwill)
An argument that uses a general principle to predict a specific outcome, like a standard syllogism.
What is deductive reasoning?
The primary emotion invoked by speeches meant to raise money for a cause, like images of starving children.
What is pity or sympathy?
The omission of conjunctions (like and or but) between parts of a sentence for effect, such as, "We saw, we conquered, we moved on."
What is asyndeton?
This is the appeal to the audience's sense of right and wrong or what is considered morally good.
What is ethical appeal?
The use of many specific examples or data points to form a broad conclusion.
What is inductive reasoning?
A persuasive technique that attempts to change beliefs by connecting a cause to an audience's shared sense of belonging.
What is an appeal to shared values or community?
A speaker using an extended comparison between two unlike things to explain a complex point, such as comparing the economy to a sinking ship.
What is an analogy or extended metaphor?
A speaker choosing a polished, professional outfit and a confident tone to enhance their perceived authority.
What is non-verbal ethos?
A fallacy that introduces a relevant, but ultimately distracting, topic to shift attention away from the original argument.
What is a red herring?
A fallacy that appeals to the majority opinion ("Everyone is doing it") to pressure the audience into agreement.
What is Bandwagon Appeal (or ad populum)?
The strategic organization of the arguments in a speech, often saving the most powerful point for the end.
What is the arrangement or structure of the speech?