a contemporary philosopher born in Britain who contributed a great deal to understanding argument. p.39
Who is Stephen Toulmin
100
sometime stated, but sometimes just implied. p.62
What is characteristic of the claim or thesis?
100
A Written evaluation of some kind of performance.
p.51
What is a critique?
100
phrases such as, "on the whole," usually," or "in most cases" p.44
What are qualifiers and exceptions?
100
not just anecdotal, just a few examples from the writers' experience. p.53
What is serious research to make a solid argument?
200
a statement that shows that the writer has anticipated counterarguments and diffused them by showing their flaws. p.42
What is a rebuttal?
200
values everyone in our culture would know, statements of personal feelings, information only the author would know, incidental facts whose accuracy is not important. p.61
What are things argued with nothing to be gained by challenging them.
200
the key to understanding an argument, understanding why people disagree, and understanding your response. p.52
What is context?
200
data, anecdotes, case studies, citations from authority, and so forth. p.45
What is evidence?
200
Most arguments are based on these, or assumptions that can be questioned. p.53
What are underlying beliefs?
300
six
p.42 (or 48)
What is the number of elements in the Toulmin model?
pg. 42 or 48
300
support the reasons. p.62
What is the job of evidence?
300
reading analytically and marking up the text with annotations. p.53
What is the first strategy for critiquing arguments?
300
unstated beliefs or principles that connect a reason to the claim. p.46
What is a warrant?
300
the author's background, professional experiences, or other formative forces. p.53
What is the context of the argument?
400
Class readings, Local news or observations, or internet discussions. p.59
What are ways you can choose an argument?
400
usually not stated; to uncover ask, "If I accept this statement, what follows from it?" p.62
What are implications?
400
consider the key terms in the claim, the reasons, and the background material that sets up the issue. p.53
What is the second strategy for critiquing arguments?
400
anticipated a counterargument that grades help students know where they stand while he built a case against grading. p.42
Who is Alfie Kohn?
400
ask yourself what counterarguments you might offer. p.54
What is the thing to do if you disagree?
500
limits or clarifies the claim.
p. 41
What is the qualifier?
500
reasoning based on something being like something else. p.62
What are analogies?
500
does not mean "forget your first response."
p.61
What is critical distance?
500
ask "What statement is the author defending?" p. 44
What is the way to identify the claim?
pg. 44
500
being sincere, projecting confidence, and having command of the facts and what they mean while showing respect for the argument you are evaluating. p.58