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Compartmentation
Functions
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RanDom
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100
Divides the body into two main compartments?
What is Intercellular and Extracellular fluids
100
What are four primary tissue types?
What is Epithelium, connective, muscle, and nerve.
100
What are the three types of membrane proteins? Explain what they do.
What is Integral, peripheral, and lipid anchored. I- deeply embedded in phospholipid bilayer and spawn across membrane. P- loosely attached to surface vis integral protein. L- attached to lipid tail!
100
Explain membrane potential? Cation and anion?
What is refers to separation of charges across membrane. Cation+ and anion-
100
Explain the Blood brain Barrier?
What is Tight junctions between endothelial cells in brain capillaries. Harmful molecules to CNS is anatomically prevented by tight junction and physiologically restricted by transport systems across endothelial.
200
What kind of fluid is inside a cell and what percentage does it make up?
What is intercellular, 40%
200
Explain the mechanism of transport?
size and lipid solubility influence movement across cell membrane. small, lipid soluble gases, and water can move. charged molecules such as glucose or amino acids require transport.
200
What is the function of Integral Protein and explain?
Good example is an ion channel that is regulated pores that controls the flux of ions or water in/out of cell. Consists of several sub units that spawn membrane to allow charged ions to flow.
200
What are two factors that influence a cells membrane potential?
What is Concentration gradient of different ions , Permeability of membrane to these ions. If cell is permeable to these ions its membrane potential changes.
200
What is the Mechanism of AP Propagation? Explain what each does.
unmyelinated nerve axon- continuous conduction. myelinated nerve axon- saltatory conduction and nodes of ranvier. Ap jumps from one node to another. *has faster impulses. * diameter of axon influence speed larger makes faster.
300
What kind of fluid is outside a cell and what does it make up? What percentage of each?
Extracellular fluid, plasma and interstitial fluid, 16%, 4%.
300
Explain the two types of transport? Go in depth. pg 4 notes
Passive and Active. Passive -simple diffusion -facilitated diffusion -osmosis Active -protein pump -Exocytosis -Endocytosis
300
What are 5 types of cellular organelles? Explain what they do? PG 2 (look at kristina)
What is mitochodria, ER, Golgi aparatus, lysosomes, peroxosomes.
300
What is the function of Depolarization, re polarization, and hyper polarization?
D- make more positive inside cell R- make more negative inside cell H- make more negative than -70mv
300
Explain the refractory period?
Ensures Ap generation in one direction. cannot be re stimulated and Na+ channel gates note in resting. In order to generate refractory period, need stronger stimulus.
400
What is the composition of the lipids?
What is phospholipids, glycolipids, and cholesterol.
400
Explain Diffusion and the law of diffusion? PG 5 notes
rapidly over short distance and slow over long. higher temp, molecules move faster, so faster diffusion rate inverse proportional to size large molecule moves slower and vise versa. Fricks law- all diffusion across plasma membrane in one equation.
400
What are two forms of carrier-mediated? What do they do?
Facilitated diffusion and Active transport. F- passive, down gradients, needs carrier protein. A-requires energy against gradient, needs carrier protein.
400
Whats the function of action potential?
function of voltage gates Na+ channels, ion movement that accompanies the movement. Na+ channels open --> Na+ ions enter cell --> depolarization --> Na+ channels open
400
What are two types of synapses? Explain.
What is Electrical- cardiac and smooth muscle, bidirectional, fast. Chemical (neurotransmitter)
500
What is the composition of the proteins?
Integral, peripheral, and lipid anchored.
500
What are the three main types of cell junctions? What does E-cadherin do? Explain.
What is Anchorins, communications (gap) junction, Occluding. Main component of anchoring, decreases strength of cell adhesion and increase cell mobility.
500
Explain Vesicular Transport? What does it use. All functions. Pg 5 and 6
What is molecules that are too largely move by bubble vessicles. use exocytosis and endocytosis, and phasocytosis. Phasocytosis, osmosis, osmotic pressure, hypertonic, hypotonic, tonicity
500
Nervous system history. What are the two cell types? What do they do. 4 types of one cells in CNS and 2 types in PNS what are they? What do each of them do. PG 9
What is Neurons and Glial cells. Neurons-excitable and highly specialized generate AP. Gliral- no ap, support neurons and modulates synaptic functions. 4 types of G cells in CNS- astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells. 2 types of G cells in PNS- satellite and schwann cells.
500
Explain the structural organization of electrical synapse?
What is 1. Ap depolarizes axon 2. depolarization opens VG Ca+2 channels and calcium enters cell. 3. Calcium triggers exocytosis of synaptic vesicle contents. * Role of calcium. 4. Neurotransmitter diffuses across synaptic cleft and binds to receptors of post synaptic cell. 5. Binding initiates a response in post synaptic cell.