Chapter 9
This is the term for untreated, raw water used to produce drinking water
source water
This EPA tool measures six major pollutants including ground-level ozone and carbon monoxide, and uses a scale to communicate when air quality may pose a risk to sensitive groups like those with asthma or heart disease.
The Air Quality Index (AQI)
this type of food additive involves substances like poisons that are deliberately introduced into food.
Malicious additives
This agency, whose name includes the word "safety," is responsible for setting and enforcing workplace safety standards in the United States.
OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration)
Chapter 11: This 1958 legislative clause prohibited the use of food additives, including pesticides, that had been determined to cause cancer in humans or animals, before being repealed decades later.
The Delaney Clause
This type of water includes lakes, rivers, and ponds
surface water
This term refers specifically to increases in the earth's near-surface temperature
Global Warming
This federal agency maintains responsibility for surveillance of foodborne illness at the federal level.
The CDC
A construction worker developing chronic back problems from heavy lifting and a factory worker developing hearing loss from loud machinery are both examples of
Occupational disease
Chapter 9 this type of water has already gone through treatment and is what gets delivered to your home through a distribution system.
finished water
Water contained in the pores of an aquifer deep beneath the earth
groundwater
What are the two categories of damaging effects caused by air pollution?
Adverse human health effects and adverse environmental effects
This type of microbial agent causes foodborne infections and has adapted to changes in food production, causing its reemergence in the food supply.
Emerging foodborne disease pathogen
A paramedic who witnesses significant trauma on the job and later experiences anxiety, flashbacks, and difficulty sleeping is most likely experiencing this condition associated with job stress
Critical Incident Stress
Chapter 10 This atmospheric condition occurs when a warm layer of air stalls above a cooler layer near the earth's surface, trapping pollutants close to the ground and contributing to smog formation.
Temperature inversion
This pumping system, driven by the sun, moves freshwater from the oceans to landmasses and back again
hydrological cycle
Oil refineries, chemical plants, and incinerators are all examples of this type of human source of air pollution.
Stationary sources
This active surveillance system has public health officials maintaining frequent direct contact with clinical lab directors to identify new cases of foodborne illness.
FoodNet (CDC Foodborne Disease Active Surveillance Network)
During this 1930s tunneling project in West Virginia, an estimated 1,500 workers contracted a lung disease from silica dust exposure and approximately 1,000 died, making it one of the deadliest occupational health disasters in US history.
The Gauley Bridge Disaster
Chapter 13: This historical figure, practicing between 850 and 923 AD, was among the earliest to use occupational classifications in medical case descriptions, predating the more widely known father of occupational medicine.
Rhazes
This water treatment step involves slowly mixing coagulated water to cause neutral particles to collide and clump together, forming what is known as floc.
Flocculation
This 1952 environmental disaster in England, caused by coal burning from home stoves, power plants, and factories, became the landmark event for studying the health effects of air pollution and resulted in at least 3,000 deaths.
The Lethal London Fog (Great Smog of 1952)
This law established the standard that a substance could not cause a lifetime incidence of more than one cancer case per one million exposed persons.
The Food Quality Protection Act
This federal agency is responsible for conducting research and making recommendations to prevent work-related injury, illness, and death, and is distinct from the agency that enforces workplace safety regulations.
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
Chapter 11: This visual framework used in foodborne illness surveillance illustrates the multiple steps that must occur before a single episode of illness in the population is actually registered in a surveillance system.
The Burden of Illness Pyramid