Pharmacology Basics
Which drug name is used by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
This medication should not be given with tetracycline.
Mylanta
Where should the nurse apply nitroglycerin ointment on a male patient?
any area without hair may be used
This deficiency can develop in patients taking cholestyramine.
Vitamin K deficiency
Patients on long-term bile acid-sequestering resin therapy may become deficient in fat- soluble vitamins (i.e., D, E, A, K). Cholestyramine does not affect electrolyte levels or hydrochloric acid.
What are drug blood levels?
They determine if the amount of drug in the body is in a therapeutic range.
This can occur with the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics over an extended period of time.
secondary infection
In addition to treating pruritus secondary to biliary stasis, what can bile acid-binding resins treat?
hyperlipidemia
What are the desired goals of antilipemic therapy? (What levels do you want to see a decrease in?)
a decrease in LDLs and total cholesterol levels
What process involves the transportation of a drug by the circulating body fluids to the receptor sites?
Distribution
This antibiotic is known to be incompatible with heparin
gentamicin
at night
Niacin therapy can cause what adverse effect and how can it be improved?
Nausea - take medication with food
These drugs are known to cause birth defects.
Teratogens
When should a diuretic be administered?
in the morning
Your patient is taking an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB)? How will the nurse know the medication is working?
a reduction in blood pressure
ACE inhibitors work to lower the blood pressure by....
inhibiting vasoconstriction
What is the lowest amount of drug present in the patient?
Trough level
This diuretic drug class is known to cause hyperglycemia and should be monitored in the diabetic patient.
thiazide diuretic
These anti-hypertensive medications are the preferred initial treatment for hypertension.
Thiazide diuretics and beta-adrenergic blockers
This is a common adverse effect of an angiotensin II receptor antagonist.
What is the highest amount of medication present in the patient?
peak level
This electrolyte should be supplemented while on thiazide diuretics.
Potassium
This medication will lower blood pressure by directly inhibiting renin.
Aliskiren (Tekturna)
Calcium channel blockers reduce blood pressure by...
What site should be used when administering ophthalmic medication?
in the lower conjunctival sac
Products like antacids, milk, or other dairy products, products that contain calcium, aluminum, magnesium, or iron can inhibit the absorption of tetracycline. When should tetracycline and aluminum hydroxide (Amphojel) be given if both are prescribed?
at the same time
amphojel 30 minutes prior to the tetracycline
tetracycline with orange juice
tetracycline 1 hour before Amphojel
Tetracycline 1 hour before Amphojel
For optimal effectiveness, tetracyclines should be administered 1 hour before or 2 hours after ingesting antacids, milk, or other dairy products or products containing calcium, aluminum, magnesium, or iron. Taking the drugs this closely together will most likely inhibit absorption of the antibiotic. Tetracycline does not tend to interact with orange juice, but the beverage may be contraindicated in a patient who needs to take antacids.
Hypertension associated with renal disease is treated using what agent?
Hydralazine
This antidysrhythmic agent is a naturally occurring chemical in the body.
adenosine (Adenocard)
This site can be identified by the posterior superior iliac spine and the greater trochanter.
Dorsogluteal
The dorsogluteal site is identified by drawing an imaginary line from the posterior superior iliac spine to the greater trochanter of the femur. The injection is then administered at any point between the imaginary straight line and below the curve of the iliac crest (hipbone).
On admission, a patient with a history of cardiac insufficiency complains of shortness of breath. The nurse auscultates the lungs and notes bilateral crackles throughout both fields. In addition, there is bilateral +2 edema of the lower extremities. Which medication does the nurse anticipate that the healthcare provider will prescribe?
Furosemid (Lasix)
Diuretics, such as furosemide, are the mainstays of treatment in heart failure and hypertension. Allopurinol is used to treat gout. Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine and is not used for diuresis. Mannitol is used mainly to treat cerebral edema.
Which symptom indicates bleeding in a patient taking warfarin (Coumadin)?
bradycardia
petechiae
increased urinary output
dry skin
petechiae
This condition is a contraindication for amiodarone administration.
pulmonary edema
severe sinus node dysfunction causing bradycardia
premature ventricular contractions (PVCs)
Severe sinus node dysfunction causing bradycardia