Phage Formulation and Delivery
Why has progress for pharmaceutical formulations of phage therapy been partially hindered?
What is poor understanding.
What paper was produced to contribute to the development of international guidelines and frameworks for phage therapy?
What is Silk Route to the acceptance and re-implementation of bacteriophage therapy.
Phages are natural parasitic viruses of bacteria that do what?
What is kill the bacterial host, including those that are resistant to antibiotics.
Bacteria can acquire resistance to phages via what?
What is blocking the cell receptors to inhibit phage adsorption, preventing phage DNA/RNA entry or degrading them once they enter, or through other abortive infection systems.
What alternative therapy is being used to battle phage-resistant bacteria?
What is a repurposing of combination therapy using phages and antibiotics.
What are phages for therapy generally composed of?
What is protein capsid enclosing a single molecule of genetic material.
This organization is a multidisciplinary group of doctors with practical experience or strong interest in phage therapy.
What is P.H.A.G.E (Phages for Human Applications Europe Group)
What has shown to be highly efficacious for combatting acute and chronic infections in the lung?
What is inhaled phage therapy.
Why might companies be hesitant to invest in phage therapy.
What is phages are naturally occurring, abundant living beings, and there are no recognizable benefit of patenting a single phage.
What have experimental studies shown about the relationship between phages and antibiotics?
What is a synergistic effect.
What is the benefit of liquid suspension formulations?
What is little phage development required for phage stability?
What is phage therapy being considered to replace in some cases?
What is untreatable antibiotic-resistant infections.
Waters et al. tested the efficacy of phage PELP20 by administering intra-nasally at 2 x 10^7 PFU at 48h and 60h post-infection with bacteria enumeration at 72h. What was the result of this test?
What is a complete clearance of bacteria in the lung.
Why might dry powder phage delivery be a better system than nebulizers that deliver liquid phage formulations?
What is dry powders provide long storage stability without requiring refrigeration.
How does combination treatment eliminate drug-resistant bacteria?
What is the exposure to phages causes the bacteria to develop a resistance to phages, compromising their resistance to antibiotics.
Of trehalose, lactose, and sucrose, what is the only one of these sugars that is approved for inhalation deliver?
What is lactose.
What is the mission of Phages for Global Health?
What is to bring phage expertise to the developing world.
When planning and evaluating animal studies, it is imperative to be mindful of substantial loss of deliverables to the gastrointestinal tract due to what?
What is mucociliary clearance (one of the main defense mechanisms of the lungs).
What is a key challenge in understanding the dosage of phage administration?
What is our understanding of phage doses is limited to low-level clinical studies.
How did combination therapy affect the percentage of survival of mice with pneumococcal bacteremia?
What is an 80% increase in survivability.
In a paper published by Turgeon et al. what were the five structurally distinct lytic phages used?
What is Leviviridae family MS2, Cyctoviridae family (theta) 6, Microviradae family (theta)X174, Corticoviridae family PM2, and Tectiviridae family PR772.
While Campylobacter infections have a fatality rate of about 0.1%, what is the fatality rate of the infection in Kenya?
What is 8.8%.
Phage kinetics is non-linear and several factors play an important role in determining the outcome of the treatment, what are three of them?
What is the presence of target pathogen, relative number density of bacteria and phage, and the optimal time of phage administration
Why is silico modelling for clinical phage therapy applications challenging?
What is the complex interactions between the phage, bacteria, and immune system.
What does the increased plaque size from the presence of B-lactam antibiotic meropenem, KS12 and KS14 show?
What is enhanced bactericidal effect of phages with antibiotics.