Intro to Psych.
Which of the following have been shown to have a positive correlation?
A. Age and REM sleep
B. Stress and health
C. Mothers’ smoking and their babies’ birth weight
D. Self-esteem and depression
E. Perceived lack of control and learned helplessness
E. Perceived lack of control and learned helplessness
Which of the following brain structures is most associated with the emotion of fear?
A. Cerebral cortex
B. Amygdala
C. Cerebellum
D. Medulla
E. Reticular formation
B. Amygdala
While at a crowded gathering, Zach realized that his attention was being drawn away from his conversation every time a person nearby said the word “exactly.” Zach’s response is an example of
A. the Gestalt principle of closure
B. the cocktail party effect
C. sensory adaptation
D. bottom-up processing
E. the just-noticeable difference
B. the cocktail party effect
Which of the following relates most to the lowest level of Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?
A. Social affiliation
B. Self-actualization
C. Fight-or-flight response
D. Intrinsic motivation
E. Drive Reduction
E. Drive Reduction
Which of the following techniques will a person-centered therapist most likely use?
A. Systematic desensitization
B. Free association
C. Unconditional positive regard
D. Dream analysis
E. Rational-emotive behavior therapy
C. Unconditional positive regard
Which of the following statements about the perception of taste is true?
A. Infants are not able to perceive taste differences until they are at least twelve months old.
B. Older adults frequently experience decreases in the sense of smell which makes it more difficult to perceive the flavor of food.
C. The basilar membrane is responsible for sending messages about tastes from the tongue to the brain.
D. The five primary taste qualities are spicy, sour, salty, bitter, and sweet.
E. Taste receptors are located exclusively on the tip of the tongue.
B. Older adults frequently experience decreases in the sense of smell which makes it more difficult to perceive the flavor of food.
Which of the following neurotransmitters is most closely associated with schizophrenia?
A. Norepinephrine
B. Acetylcholine
C. Glutamate
D. Dopamine
E. Serotonin
D. Dopamine
Which of the following is true regarding visual information processing?
A. Feature detectors in the retina process information before rods and cones.
B. Rods and cones receive neural signals from ganglion cells.
C. Bipolar cells relay information to ganglion cells that form the optic nerve.
D. Feature detectors process information before bipolar cells.
E. Rods transduce wavelength and cones transduce light intensity.
C. Bipolar cells relay information to ganglion cells that form the optic nerve.
According to Sigmund Freud’s theory of personality, which of the following statements is most representative of the id?
A. "Practice random kindness."
B. "More, more, more!"
C. "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you."
D. "Look before you leap."
E. "Balance is best."
B. "More, more, more!"
Which of the following falls under the category of somatic symptoms and related disorders?
A. Conversion disorder
B. Generalized anxiety disorder
C. Dissociative identity disorder
D. Kleptomania
E. Schizophrenia
A. Conversion disorder
Which of the following methods best limits the influence of unknown variables in an experiment?
A. Random assignment
B. Correlational study
C. Debriefing
D. Stratified sampling
E. Subject matching
A. Random assignment
Which of the following neurotransmitters has been most associated with major depressive disorder?
A. Acetylcholine
B. Dopamine
C. Histamine
D. Serotonin
E. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
D. Serotonin
Which of the following is true of how the human eye detects the color red?
A. It relies on only cones.
B. It relies on only rods.
C. It relies on both rods and cones.
D. It occurs at the level of the pupil.
E. It occurs at the level of the lens.
A. It relies on only cones.
Which theory of motivation is most likely to suggest that a younger woman would be attracted to an older man because of his greater ability to provide for her?
A. Evolutionary
B. Hierarchy of needs
C. Arousal
D. Instinct
E. Drive-reduction
A. Evolutionary
Which of the following treatments would reduce a drinker’s dependence on alcohol by changing the positive effect of alcohol to a negative one?
A. Systematic desensitization
B. Insight therapy
C. Aversive conditioning
D. Psychoanalysis
E. A token economy
C. Aversive conditioning
Which of the following measures can be precisely located on the graph of a skewed distribution without doing any calculations?
A. Mode
B. Median
C. Mean
D. Standard deviation
E. Variance
A. Mode
Which of the following is a parasympathetic nervous system response?
A. Pupil dilation
B. Inhibition of bladder contraction
C. Increased digestion
D. Increased adrenaline secretion
E. Inhibition of salivation
C. Increased digestion
Which of the following regions of the body has the largest area of sensory cortex devoted to it?
A. Trunk
B. Arm
C. Shoulder
D. Leg
E. Face
E. Face
Which of the following individuals would be most intrinsically motivated to write?
A. Greg, who will keep his job as an editor only if he publishes a top-selling book every month
B. Andy, who expects to be paid $20,000 for each book that he publishes
C. Carlota, who wants to publish enough books to buy her dream home
D. Savitri, who has several interesting stories that she wants to write
E. Ray, who was offered $5,000,000 to write a sequel to his first book, which was a top seller
D. Savitri, who has several interesting stories that she wants to write
Which of the following types of therapy focuses on changing a behavior by changing maladaptive thinking?
A. Biological
B. Behavioral
C. Psychodynamic
D. Humanistic
E. Cognitive
E. Cognitive
Which of the following is a valid conclusion that the researchers could have drawn from the data?
A. The measurement from the new test is likely to be better than the measurement from the original test.
B. The new test provides information on intelligence that is highly comparable to that provided by the original test.
C. The new test produces scores that are generally unrelated to those produced by the original test.
D. The new test is likely to be biased in favor of disadvantaged groups.
E. Intelligence is too abstract a concept to measure accurately.
C. The new test produces scores that are generally unrelated to those produced by the original test.
Which of the following structures is most closely associated with communication between the central nervous system and the endocrine system?
A. Cerebellum
B. Amygdala
C. Medulla
D. Reticular activating system
E. Hypothalamus
E. Hypothalamus
Which of the following describes the correct order of information processing in vision?
A. Bipolar cells→rods and cones→ganglion cells→optic nerve
B. Optic nerve→rods and cones→bipolar cells→ganglion cells
C. Rods and cones→bipolar cells→ganglion cells→optic nerve
D. Ganglion cells→bipolar cells→rods and cones→optic nerve
E. Rods and cones→ganglion cells→bipolar cells→optic nerve
C. Rods and cones→bipolar cells→ganglion cells→optic nerve
What type of theorist is most likely to assess people’s personalities by having them draw pictures, in the hope that the drawings will reveal underlying personality characteristics?
A. Psychoanalytic
B. Behavioral
C. Humanistic
D. Cognitive
E. Social cognitive
A. Psychoanalytic
Which of the following treatments would be most effective for someone who experiences a rapid heartbeat, light-headedness, and nausea when speaking in public?
A. Medication to reduce dopamine levels
B. Interpretation of transference behaviors
C. Systematic desensitization
D. Reflective listening
E. Aversive conditioning
C. Systematic desensitization