drug prototypes
This loop diuretic prototype is the most potent and acts directly on the ascending Loop of Henle.
What is Furosemide
This electrolyte imbalance is a contraindication for Digoxin, as it increases the risk of toxicity
What is Hypokalemia
This is the primary action of Digoxin on the heart muscle—increasing the force of contraction
What is Positive Inotropic?
This rare but life-threatening facial/throat swelling is a critical adverse effect of ACE inhibitors
What is Angioedema
The nurse must stay with the patient for this amount of time at the start of a blood product transfusion
What is 15 minutes
This non-selective beta blocker is used for hypertension and angina but is contraindicated in patients with COPD or asthma
What is Propranolol
The class of diuretics that requires vigilant monitoring for hypokalemia, including prototypes Furosemide and Hydrochlorothiazide
What are Potassium-wasting diuretics (Loop and Thiazide)?
The primary enzyme inhibited by Simvastatin (a statin), lowering the rate of cholesterol production in the liver.
What is HMG-CoA Reductase?
This severe muscle pain, which can progress to dark brown urine, is the most serious adverse effect of statins.
What is Rhabdomyolysis?
The first action a nurse takes if a patient experiences chest pain five minutes after taking their first sublingual Nitroglycerin.
What is Call 911 (and take a second tablet)?
The prototype for ACE inhibitors, its generic name ends in "-pril".
What is Lisinopril
The combination of Spironolactone and an ACE inhibitor significantly increases a patient's risk for this electrolyte disorder.
What is Hyperkalemia?
Anticoagulants like Heparin and Warfarin have this effect on existing clots
What is No effect (or they do not dissolve existing clots)?
The classic characteristic adverse effect of ACE inhibitors that is dry and nonproductive.
What is the Cough (dry, nonproductive cough)?
This is the number that a patient's heart rate must be below to warrant holding Digoxin or a Beta Blocker.
What is 60 (beats per minute)?
This fast-acting anticoagulant requires a aPTT level for monitoring and has Protamine Sulfate as its antidote.
What is Heparin?
This diuretic prototype, used to reverse potassium loss, blocks aldosterone receptors.
What is Spironolactone
This drug class inhibits the RAAS by blocking the conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II.
What are ACE Inhibitors
This is the most serious adverse effect of Amiodarone, requiring the nurse to monitor for cough and dyspnea.
What is Pulmonary Toxicity?
A side effect of Niacin, which can be minimized by starting with a low dose and increasing gradually.
What is Flushing (and pruritus/itching)?
The prototype for the non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, often used for hypertension and dysrhythmias.
What is Diltiazem
Before giving a patient a loop diuretic, the nurse should check for this electrolyte imbalance as it is a contraindication.
What is Hypokalemia?
Nitroglycerin exerts its effect by causing potent vasodilation of these arteries, increasing oxygen supply to ischemic tissue
What are Coronary arteries?
Two adverse effects of Digoxin toxicity that are most common as early signs.
What are Nausea and Vomiting (GI disturbances)?
The two specific nursing implications for giving Adenosine, which has a half-life of only 10 seconds
What are Administer a fast IV push and warn the patient it will cause transient asystole?