Diabetes Medication
This type of insulin has a rapid onset of 15 minutes or less and is injected just before a meal.
Answer: What is insulin lispro (Humalog)?
This medication is the standard treatment for hypothyroidism and should be taken on an empty stomach.
What is levothyroxine (Synthroid)?
This beta-2 agonist is used as a "rescue inhaler" to treat acute asthma attacks.
What is albuterol (Proventil)?
This first-line antiepileptic drug is used to control tonic-clonic seizures and requires good oral hygiene due to its risk of gingival hyperplasia.
What is phenytoin (Dilantin)
This common adverse effect of inhaled corticosteroids can be prevented by rinsing the mouth after each use.
candidiasis/thrush
This long-acting insulin has an onset of 1.5 to 2 hours, lasts for 24 hours, and has no peak.
Answer: What is insulin glargine (Lantus)?
This antithyroid drug is used to treat hyperthyroidism by inhibiting thyroid hormone production and conversion of T4 to T3.
What is propylthiouracil (PTU)?
This long-acting anticholinergic is used for the maintenance of asthma and COPD but should not be used for acute bronchospasms.
What is ipratropium (Atrovent)?
This barbiturate is used for seizure control but carries a black box warning for suicidal ideation.
What is phenobarbital?
Metformin should be discontinued before surgery due to this serious adverse effect, which can lead to organ failure.
lactic acidosis
This oral medication is a biguanide used to lower blood sugar in Type 2 diabetes and is known for its risk of lactic acidosis.
What is metformin (Glucophage)?
This condition is characterized by elevated TSH and decreased levels of T3 and T4.
What is hypothyroidism?
This class of drugs suppresses airway inflammation and is used as prophylactic management for asthma. Patients are advised to rinse their mouth after use to avoid thrush.
What are inhaled corticosteroids (e.g., beclomethasone)?
This drug is commonly used to treat partial seizures and neuropathic pain but may cause dizziness and somnolence.
What is gabapentin (Neurontin)
This adverse reaction, characterized by muscle tremors and palpitations, is commonly seen with overuse of beta-2 agonists like albuterol.
tachycardia
This drug class stimulates insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells but carries a significant risk of hypoglycemia, especially in elderly patients.
What are sulfonylureas (e.g., glyburide)?
This condition is associated with autoimmune destruction of the thyroid and elevated thyroid hormone levels, often resulting in symptoms like weight loss, tachycardia, and heat intolerance.
What is Graves’ disease?
This leukotriene modifier is taken orally to prevent asthma symptoms, especially at night, and has a black box warning for neuropsychiatric events.
What is montelukast (Singulair)
This drug used to treat absence seizures has life-threatening adverse effects including pancreatitis and hepatic failure.
What is valproate (Depakote)
This side effect of phenytoin can be minimized by maintaining good oral hygiene, including regular brushing and flossing.
What is gingival hyperplasia
This GLP-1 receptor agonist, administered via subcutaneous injection, increases insulin secretion and is linked to thyroid tumors in rodents.
What is liraglutide (Victoza)
This treatment for hyperthyroidism involves the destruction of thyroid tissue using a radioactive isotope.
What is radioactive iodine (sodium iodide 131)?
This medication class relaxes bronchial smooth muscles but requires careful monitoring of serum levels due to a narrow therapeutic index.
This medication is used as adjunctive therapy for partial-onset and tonic-clonic seizures and may cause drowsiness, fatigue, and mood swings.
What is levetiracetam (Keppra)?
This black box warning is associated with carbamazepine due to the risk of aplastic anemia and agranulocytosis.