Antihypertensives
Similar to ACE inhibitors, ARBs inhibit the RAAS cycle but do not elicit this significant side effect
chronic nonproductive cough
end product of coagulation
fibrin (insoluble)
blocking receptors will not reduce effect of histamines that have already bound to receptors
COPD primary cause
smoking (cause 80-90 percent of cases), inhaling toxins
6Ps of acute arterial ishemia
pallor
pain
pulseless
paresthisia
paralysis
poikilthemia (adaption to env temp)
which antihypertensive medication masks hypoglycemia symptoms
beta blockers
what is the common name and MOA of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
statins; decrease rate of cholesterol production
three types of decongestants (which cause rebound congestion for +100)
adrenergics, anticholinergics, corticosteroids
name the primary cause of a COPD exacerbation
infection
symptoms of thoracic arotic aneurysm
usually asymptomatic
deep chest pain that can spread to upper back
voice hoarseness from pressure on laryngeal nerve
dysphagia
name the two a-2 agonist drugs
clonidine, methyldopa
name the three anti-clotting classes that work before, during, or after coagulation to stop blood clotting
antiplatelets, anticoagulants, thrombolytics
examples and main difference between 1st and 2nd gen
1st - benadryl (faster acting)
2nd - reactine
which genetic deficiency causes COPD
AAT deficiency (1 in 5000)
aneurysm - weakening of artery wall causing outpouching, dilation
dissection - tear in inner arterial wall, blood collects between intima and median
what two enzymes do ACE inhibitors break down to inhibit RAAS cycle?
Substance P, kininase
what class is a P2Y12 inhibitor (extra 100 if can name the medication)
antiplatelet; clopidogrel
Muscuarinic agonist name and MOA
two conditions associated with COPD
chronic bronchitis, emphysema
a patient presents unilateral leg edema, paresthesia, and pain, fullness in the thigh and calf, erythema and a temperature of 38.5 degrees. What is the suspected condidtion
venous thrombo embolism
what are the functions of 2 adrenergic receptors (+100 for each one after)
a-1: prevent smooth muscle contraction, vasodilation
a-2: decrease norepi and renin production
b-1: increase HR and force of contraction
b-2: muscle relaxation
name the indication of 3 antidysrhythmic classes (+50 for additional answers)
1a- afib, PVC, PAC, vtach, wolfe-parkinson-white syndrome
1b - only ventricular dysrhythmias
1c - vtach, aflutter, vfib, wolfe-parkinson-white syndrome
2 - ventricular dysrhythmias
3 - amiodarone for life threatening vtach/fib OR other meds from the class as 2nd line drug for afib/flutter
4- paroxysmal supraventricular tach, rate control for afib/flutter
classification for poor asthma control (4 points)
wheezing, SOB
daytime symptoms >4d/wk
nighttime sympoms >1/wk
4 doses/wk of SABA (excluding of 1 dose/day for exercise)
dyspnea, especially at rest
chronic intermittent cough in morning
mucus hypersecretion
edema
bronchospasm
prolonged exhalation
use of accessory muscles
anorexia
fatigue
cor pulmonale
Name the factors of Virchow's triad
i) venous stasis
ii) endothelial damage
iii) hypercoagulability of blood