Drug Calculations
How many mL are in 1 tsp? 1 tbsp?
1 tsp = 5mL
1 tbsp = 15mL
In a culture & susceptibility test, you would want to choose an antibiotic that is ________.
Susceptible
This type of hemolysis pattern shows a complete lysis with a clear zone
What is beta-hemolytic?
Is there a vaccine for neisseria gonorrhoeae?
No
This type of bacteria does not Gram-stain, but does acid-fast stain
Mycobacteria
What is the difference between males and females when calculating the Cockroft & Gault?
You multiple females by 0.85
What is it called when there is an increased number of banded neutrophils and what is it indicative of?
"Left shift" is indicative of acute inflammation
Coagulase-positive, spherical/oval shaped clusters of gram-positive bacteria
A vaccine is available for this bacteria, which causes typhoid infection
Salmonella enterica
This subcategory of atypical bacteria are described as thin-walled, flexible, spiral rods.
What are spirochetes?
Measure of renal function used to calculate drug dosing
What is creatinine clearance?
What is the peptidoglycan layer?
This bacteria is the leading cause of pneumonia, sepsis and meningitis for the first 2 months of life. It's described as a spherical/oval-shaped, Gram-positive beta-hemolytic in chains/pairs.
What is Group B strep - streptococcus agalactiae?
What are some common features of Gram-negative rods of the enteric tract?
**all reduce nitrates to nitrites**, oxidase-negative, ferment glucose, facultative anaerobes
This particular bacteria can cause a range of diseases: conjunctivitis, pneumonia, and urethritis! It has a rigid cell wall without a peptidoglycan layer.
What is chlamydia trachomatis?
Finish the sentence: In regards to pediatric dosing, the younger the patient, the more likely you are to _________.
dose to the tenth of an mL
This describes the minimum number of organisms needed to have a 50% chance of infecting the host (the lower it is, the more "virulent" it is)
What is ID50
This is a highly resistant gram-positive gamma-hemolytic bacteria
What is enterococcus faecium?
What 5 serotypes of meningococcus cause the most causes of meningitis and meningococcemia?
A (leading cause of epidemic meningitis worldwide), B (leading cause in the US), C, Y and W-135
A patient comes in with malodorous discharge. A culture is taken and shows evidence of clue cells. She was diagnosed with bacterial vaginosis. What bacteria is responsible?
Gardnerella vaginalis
What is the difference between BID and divided BID in terms of drug dosing?
BID means taking the dose twice a day
Divided BID means the dose divided to make 2 doses a day
In a dilution susceptibility testing, the amount of drug required to make it so there's no visible growth is ______.
(Minimal bactericidal concentration is the amount required to kill the bacteria)
A patient comes in with a UTI. The culture from the lab test shows a coagulase-negative gram-positive bacteria. What do you suspect it to be?
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
What is the most toxic strain of E. coli and how is it contracted?
Enterohemorrhagic strain (EHEC) serotype 0157:h7 from ingestion of undercooked hamburger or direct contact with animals
This is a remarkably antibiotic-resistant bacteria, with some being resistant to all known bacteria. It causes nosocomial infections, with pneumonia, UTIs and sepsis being the most frequent. Infection is associated with RT equipment and indwelling catheters.
What is acinetobacter baumannii?