Benzodiazepines
This was the first developed benzodiazepine.
What is Diazepam (Valium)?
This was the first developed alpha-2 agonist
What is Xylazine (Rompun)?
This is the difference between opiates and opioids.
What is opiates are naturally derived and opioids are synthesized compounds?
This is the definition of anesthetic induction.
What is giving anesthetic drugs that render a patient unconscious, such that endotracheal intubation and subsequent maintenance of anesthesia can occur?
What is they are able to produce unconsciousness when given alone?
These are the two components of the anesthetic drug Telazol.
What are Zolazepam (benzo) and Tiletamine?
This alpha-2 agonist's name literally means "right" medetomidine.
What is Dexmedetomidine (Dexdomitor)?
These are the classifications of opioids.
What are agonists, partial agonists, agonist-antagonists, or antagonists (depending on predominate effect)?
These are some of the common IV induction agents.
What are ketamine and diazepam/midazolam, propofol, etomidate, and alfaxalone?
This is the most commonly used type of injectable anesthetic.
What is ultra short-acting nonbarbiturate injectable anesthetic (propofol)?
This is the reversal agent for benzodiazepines except Zolazepam.
What is Flumazenil?
These are the alpha-2 antagonists and what they work against.
What are Tolazoline (nonspecific, xylaxine in ruminants), Yohimbine (xylazine in dogs, cats, horses, and exotics), and Atipamezol (dexmedetomidine and medetomidine)?
This is the opioid that all others are measured against.
What is morphine?
These induction routes are not used due to their impracticality for routine use.
What are SQ, rectal, and IP?
This is the reason that propofol is not used in hypoprotenemic patients.
What is these patients have less protein available to bind with propofol molecules causing more to be in the active, unbound form increasing the chance of an overdose?
These are some of the effects that benzodiazepines have on the CNS.
What are anti-convulsant activity, anti-anxiety, and calming effects as well as the enhancement of sedation and analgesia of other drugs?
This is the mode of action of alpha-2 antagonists.
What is displace agonists from alpha 2 receptors and allow for a higher affinity at the receptors?
This is the definition of renarcotization.
What is the duration of the agonist drug being longer than the antagonist therefore CNS and respiratory depression reoccurs requiring additional doses of the antagonist?
These are some of the benefits of endotracheal intubation.
What are maintain open airway, efficient delivery of anesthetic gasses, reduced risk of aspiration, allowance of manual mechanical ventilation, and reduces the amount of anatomic dead space?
These are the causes of the poor storage characteristics of propofol.
What is it contains soybean oil, egg products, and glycerin which support high bacterial growth?
This is the main neurotransmitter affected by benzodiazepines as well as what happens to it.
What is GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter that is enhanced in the binding with the appropriate receptor to allow the brain to become less active?
These are some of the effects that alpha-2 agonists have on the cardiovascular system.
What are hypertension, bradycardia, vasoconstriction of blood vessels (dose dependent), dramatic drop in BP and cardiac output?
This opioid is a partial Mu agonist and a Kappa antagonist?
What is buprenorphine?
These are some of the challenges that come with mask induction.
What are patients will struggle, presence of the excitement stage of anesthesia, higher risk of patient and handler injury, and indicators are harder to observe?
This is the effect of prolonged doses or CRI's of propofol in cats.
What is the formation of Heinz bodies causing lethargy, diarrhea, and anorexia also causing increased recovery times (>20 minutes)?