Pain Management
Which receptors do opioids mainly work on?
Mu, Kappa
Which two anti-hypertensives are used in a crisis or emergency?
Sodium Nitroprusside - IV drip
Hydralazine - tablet or IV/IV push
This drug can cause yellow halos and blurred vision when above its narrow therapeutic range
Digoxin
this is caused by HYPOKALEMIA, HYPOMAGNESEMIA, and HYPERCALCEMIA
What are the 4 classes of dysrhythmia drugs?
(Spring Break to Panama City)
Class I: Sodium
Class II: Beta Blockers
Class III: Potassium
Class IV: Calcium Channel Blockers
Name the adverse effects associated with diuretics.
BEEF
Blood pressure drops (hypotension)
Eytes - Potassium & Lithium increase
Elimination - nocturia
Fluid Status - constipation
Name the Partial Opioids.
Buprenorphine
Butorphanol
Nalbuphine
Pentazocine
What are the 4 biggest side effects when taking ACE inhibitors, ARBs, and DRIs?
*other than SORRY*
Hyperkalemia
Chronic, non-productive cough
Angioedema
Teratogenic
Name the 3 + Ionotropic drugs
Digoxin
Dopamine
Milrinone
What are the signs/symptoms of a stroke?
(BEFAST)
Balance loss
Eye changes
Face drooping
Arm weakness
Speech difficulty
Time (call 911 immediately)
What is the normal range for Potassium?
3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Opioid - Methadone
Used for moderate/severe pain and substance use disorders
Causes QT prolongation which is a dysrhythmia risk
Which anti-hypertensive works on the distal convoluted tubule and causes hyperGLUC?
Hydrochlorothiazide (thiazide diuretic)
- hyperGLUC = Increased Glycemia, Lipidemia, Uricemia, and Calcemia
Name the 3 most common reasons for acute decompensated HF
1. Recent add-on of -ionotropic drugs (beta blockers)
2. Use of Na retention drugs (NSAIDs, Steroids)
3. Excessive alcohol or illicit drug use
The half life of this drug ranges from 15 to 142 days
Amiodarone (Potassium Channel Blocker)
This diuretic drug class is notorious for causing hypokalemia.
Loop Diuretics
Furosemide
Bumetanide
Ethacrynic Acid
Torsemide
What is the main difference between anti-spastics and anti-spasmodic drugs?
cause/use for the drug
anti-spastics treat disorders involving the CNS
anti-spasmodics treat localized muscle trauma/injury
This anti-hypertensive can cause peripheral edema, reflex tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension, and sexual dysfunction.
Nifedipine (DHP Calcium Channel Blocker)
- no grapefruit juice with this drug either!
TRUE or FALSE: Dopamine can cause Hypotension, but Milrinone can cause Hypertension
False
Dopamine -> Hypertension
Milrinone -> Hypotension
This drug causes coronary artery vasodilation and slows the conduction time through the AV node
Adenosine (used for SVT)
This diuretic causes urine to become blue.
Triamterene
What is the exception for giving children aspirin?
Which anti-hypertensives are only used for pregnant patients?
Hydralazine - vasodilator
Methyldopa - Alpha 2 Agonist
Nifedipine - DHP Calcium Channel Blocker
Labetalol - Beta Blocker (non-selective)
This drug class can cause severe swelling of the lips, tongue, throat, or eyelids
ARNI - Sacubitril + Valsartan
adverse effects: hyperkalemia, chronic non-productive cough, ANGIOEDEMA, sexual dysfunction, hypotension, fetal harm, kidney injury
Name the two drugs used to treat Atrial Fibrillation.
Verapamil & Diltiazem (Non-DHP Calcium Channel Blockers)
Class IV