Diabetes
Antidiabetic agent used in pregnancy
Regular insulin
Explain the pathway of blood through the heart
Body → Superior & inferior vena cava → Right atrium → Tricuspid valve → Right ventricle → Pulmonary valve → Pulmonary artery (deoxygenated blood) → Lungs → Pulmonary veins (oxygenated blood) → Left atrium → Mitral/Bicuspid valve → Left ventricle → Aortic valve → Aorta → Body
Explain Mean Arterial Pressure and the 3 elements that determine it. (13:34)
It's the average pressure in the arteries during ventricular contractions and relaxations.
Heart rate, Stroke volume, and Peripheral vascular resistance
What are the signs of DKA and its treatment?
Fruity breath, dehydration, Kussmaul breathing, loss of orientation, and coma
Regular IV insulin, accu-check, ICU monitoring, and if severe hyperkalemia, prepare insulin drip and dextrose.
What is the pathway of electrical conduction through the heart?
SA node (sinoatrial node) → atria contract → AV node (atrioventricular node) → Bundle of His → right and left bundle branches → Purkinje fibers → ventricles contract
What specific foods are patients advised to avoid while taking CCB medication? (14:58)
Grape Juice
What are some hypoglycemic symptoms, and how to treat them?
Diaphorisis, cool and clammy skin, rapid shallow breath (Kussmal), headache, blurred vision, drowsiness
Glucagon or dextrose 5%
What are the main forces that determine the heart's use of oxygen, or oxygen consumption? (11:40sum)
Heart rate, Preload, Afterload, Contractility
What antihypertensive medication is safe to use during pregnancy?
Beta Blockers
This drug will be used during hypertension emergencies
Hydralazine or Nitroprusside