Topic 1-pharmacokinetics
GI tract into blood or bodily fluids, which include fast-lipid soluable or non-ionized/ loading dose AND slow- water soluable and ionized
What is absorption
Describes chemical structure of drug
What is chemical drug name
Pediatric GFR differs from an adult how
What is pediatrics GFR is less than adults
Epinephrine mode of action
What is alpha 1- increases BP, beta 1: increases HR, and beta 2: promotes bronchodilation
How does xanax help with anxiety and panic disorders. What is the antidote
What is increase GABA receptors, shift Cl ions, which leads to less excitability and stabilizes neural membranes.
Antidote is Flumazenil.
GI to liver via portal vein/ first-pass effect-> orally, liver to systemic system. Half-life.
What is metabolism
Purpose of culture of safety in preventing med errors
What is ANA encourages a just culture to report errors & The Joint Commission comes up with national patient safety goals to provide better resolutions to errors
Geriatrics have a decreased what?
What is hepatic blood flow
class of albuteral
beta 2 adrenergic agonist- bronchodilation
What can lorazepam cause for side effects
What is bradycardia and hallucinations (CNS effects)
If kidneys are less than 30mL/ hour
What is kidney distress
Generic drugs must be approved how
What is generic drugs must be approved by the FDA, with same active ingredients as brand drug, less expensive, aid in providing shape of the tablet, control timing of release, and HCP must state on prescription whether generic drug can be substituted
Beers criteria
What is a list of possible inappropriate medications in older adults
atenolol's mode of action
What is suppresses RAAS, decrease BP
What drug is used to treat insomnia, is a non-benzodiazepine/ sedative-hypnotic & inhibits neurotransmitter inhibition. Can have hangover side effect. Takes effect in 15-30 min.
what is zolpidem
Medication reconciliation
What is a list of all current meds, updated meds, and making sure all OTC meds and CAMS are included
Brand/ trade name specifics
What is proprietary name of the drug chosen by the company and is usually trademarked
Pediatric research equity act in 2012 required study of drug use
What is many drugs are Rx "off label" meaning drug is used for purpose that has not been approved
what is bethanechol used for
What is used for urinary retention and neurogenic bladder
therapeutic range is 10-20, inhibits vitamin K, and decreases folic acid.
side effect is gingival hyperplasia.
What is phenytoin
AST, ALT and ALP values
What is AST: 0-35, ALT: 4-36, and ALP: 30-120
Drug label must include
What is active/ inactive ingredients with dose, dosage unit, purpose/use, dosage instructions, and warnings that are specific.
Polypharmacy increases the risks for what?
What is adverse effects, geriatrics syndrome, risk of mortality and poor adherence
Recommend one pharmacy so pharmacist can look at all the meds and determine safety
What is atropine used for and what can it do
what is reduce saliva, increase HR by blocking vagus stimulation, promotes pupil dilation by blocking iris sphincter muscle/ pre-op med
SSRI drug, used for anxiety disorders, prevent migraine and decreased premenstrual tension syndrome. can cause erectile dysfunction.
fluoxetine