Antimicrobials
What drug interaction occurs when a penicillin and an aminoglycoside are mixed in the same IV bag?
Inactivation of the drug
Identify the mechanism of action of Tobramycin (Nebcin) and Doxycycline (Vibramycin)
Inhibit bacterial protein synthesis
What type of fluid is most appropriate for a client experiencing equal lisses of solute and water?
Isotonic
What intervention may help minimize abstinence syndrome in a client who has a physical dependence on opioids?
Gradual withdrawal of opioid medications
In addition to being used for hypertension, what is another use of losartan (Cozaar)?
Slows the progression of diabetic neuropathy
Why is Pencillen G given parenterally?
It is unstable in stomach acid
What TB medication may result in reddish/orange discoloration of bodily fluids?
Rifampin (Rifadin)
What two acid-base imbalances are treated with sodium bicarbonate?
Metabolic acidosis and respiratory acidosis
What are three hallmark signs of opioid overdose? What medication is used to treat this condition?
Coma, pinpoint pupils, and respiratory depression; treated with naloxone (Narcan)
Does nitroprusside (Nipride) dilate veins, arteries, or both?
Both
What is the best action if the trough level of Vancomycin is high?
Hold the medication and contact the provider
For the best pharmacologic effect, how long after symptom onset should Tamiflu be administered?
Within 48 hours
What diuretic may cause hyperkalemia?
Spironolactone (Aldactone)
What medication may cause the toxicity symptoms of dizziness, tinnitus, and headache?
Aspirin
What three similar effects do both beta blockers and calcium channel blockers have?
Decrease HR, decrease myocardial contractility, decrease AV node conduction
A client allergic to penicillin may also be allergic to what two other drug classes?
Carbapenems and Cephalosporins
Effective HIV treatment would show an increase OR decrease in CD4 cells and a detectable OR undetectable viral load
Increase; Udetectable
What type of IVF would you give a client with a serum osmolality of 310 mOsm/kg H2O
Hypotonic
What pain medication is the best choice for fever reduction?
Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
What is the antidote for warfarin (Coumadin)? What is the antidote for heparin?
Vitamin K; Protamine sulfate
What two medications are commonly used to treat C. diff infection?
Vancomycin and Metronidazole (Flagyl)
Which HIV medication results in the side effect of fat pad redistribution?
Ritonavir (Norvir)
What is the consequence of the drug-drug interaction between furosemide (Lasix) and digoxin (Lanoxin)?
How potassium can result in digoxin toxicity
What recommendation should be made to the diabetic client prescribed prednisone (Detasone)?
Increase serum glucose monitoring, as glucocorticoids can cause hyperglycemia; the dosage of insulin may need to be increased
What generation of beta blockers is most appropriate for a client with asthma?
2nd generation/cardioselective