Who is This Guy?(History of Pharm)
This physician is considered the Father of Immunology after demonstrating that cowpox protected against smallpox
This pharmacokinetic process describes movement of a drug from its site of administration into the bloodstream
What is Absorption?
This route has an F=1
Intravenous (IV)
Lipophilic drugs generally have a _________ Vd
Phase 1 metabolism is primarily associated with this enzyme system
This guy accidentally created the first mass-produced "wonder drug"
Who is Alexander Fleming?
This pharmacokinetic process mainly occurs in the liver and generally makes drugs more soluble
What is metabolism?
This oral phenomenon decreases F because drugs are metabolized before reaching systemic circulation
What is First-Pass metabolism?
This major plasma protein is responsible for binding many drugs
What is albumin?
What is increase?
This 1937 tragedy led directly to the passage of the landmark Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act of 1938 which called for pure and safe drugs.
What is the 1937 Elixir Sulfanilamide tragedy?
This pharmacokinetic process is primarily carried out by the kidneys and removes drugs from the body
Excretion
These two "oral" routes bypass significant first-pass metabolism and provide rapid absorption
Sublingual and buccal
Only this type of drug is pharmacologically active and able to leave the bloodstream
This pharmacokinetic parameter is the time required for plasma drug concentration to decrease by 50% and ~4-5 of these is when the drug is mostly eliminated.
What is a half-life?
This amendment required manufacturers to conduct adequate, well-designed clinicals and obtain informed consent.
The 1962 Kefauver-Harris Drug Amendments
DAILY DOUBLE 1!!!
Place the following steps of urine formation in the correct order:
This is a primary site of absorption because of its large surface area
What is the small intestine?
This barrier limits drug entry into the CNS and contains efflux pumps
A patient has been taking a medication with a 12-hour half-life at the same dose and interval. The provider wants to check a therapeutic drug level.
Approximately when should the drug be at steady state?
What is after approximately 4–5 half-lives, or about 48–60 hours?
4 Steps:
1. Find microorganisms in abundance in diseased organisms
2. Isolate microorganisms and culture
3. Reintroduce grown culture to healthy host
4. Reisolate microorganism from new host
What are Koch's Postulates?
A drug is described as:
1. Highly lipophilic
2. Extensively metabolized in the liver
3. Excreted primarily as metabolites in the urine
Identify the ADME step represented by each of these characteristics.
What is D, M, E?
1. Lipophilic → Distribution
2. Liver metabolism → Metabolism
3. Urinary excretion of metabolites → Excretion
A patient is actively vomiting and cannot swallow medication. The provider wants rapid systemic drug absorption while avoiding significant first-pass metabolism. Based on the lecture, name 2 administration routes that would accomplish this goal.
What are IV, and SL?
Also acceptable, INH and IM
A highly protein-bound medication is given with another drug that displaces it from albumin. According to the lecture, what happens to the amount of pharmacologically active drug?
What is an increase in free (unbound) drug available to distribute into tissues and produce effects?
DAILY DOUBLE 2!
Two patients receive the same maintenance dose of gentamicin. Patient A develops acute kidney injury during therapy, while Patient B maintains normal renal function. Without changing the dose, what would you expect to happen to Patient A's trough concentration, and what pharmacokinetic principle explains it?