Anti-diabetic
What is the onset, peak, and duration of rapid acting insulin?
Onset: 5-15 mins
Peak: 1 to 2 hours
Duration: 3 to 6 hours
What does euthyroid mean?
Thyroid hormones are normal
What is the maximum dose of acetaminophen given to an adult client in one day?
3000mg/day
List the order of Pharmakinetics in order.
1. Absorption
2. Distribution
3. Metabolism
4. Excretion
What hormones are released from the posterior pituitary gland?
ADH(vasopressin) and oxytocin
Give an example of SGLT2 inhibitor
canagliflozin
dapagliflozin
empagliflozin
What hormones are elevated or decreased in hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland doesn't produce enough of certain crucial hormones. TSH is elevated and decreased T4 levels
A client asked the RN, "why am I receiving pain medications through this darn needle in my arm?" How should the RN respond?
"IV pain medications work faster than pill medications."
Name at least 4 ethical principles of nursing and tell what they mean.
1. Beneficence is the act of charity, mercy, and kindness.
2. Nonmaleficence refers to not doing harm.
3. Autonomy refers to an individual's right to self-determination
4. Justice means giving each person or group what they are due.
What is ADH or vasopressin?
Hormone produced by the posterior pituitary gland. Helps maintain blood pressure
A RN has an order for 4 units of short acting insulin and 11 units of intermediate acting insulin. Please name the 1st 4 steps the RN should take in order.
1. Clean the tops of both insulin bottles
2. Inject 11mL of air into intermediate vial
3. Inject 4mL of air into the short acting vial
4. Pull up 4units of short acting insulin into syringe
Name at least 5 S&S of hyperthyroidism and the medications commonly used to treat this dx.
S&S: weight lost, exophthalmos, heat intolerance, tachycardia, diarrhea, insomina, anxiety, thinning and fine hair, goiters, fatigue
Medications: Propylthiouracil, methimazole
A RN administered 2mg of hydromorphone IV to a 50-year-old male client post op lap cholecystectomy. Name at least 5 S/S the RN should monitor.
1. Decreased BP/Hypotension
2. Urinary retention
3. Pupil constriction
4. Sedation
5. Itching
6. Constipation
7. Decreased RR
8. Nausea and vomiting
What is distribution and how are most drugs transported through the body?
Distribution is the transport of a drug by the bloodstream to its site of action. Medication is distributed through the blood stream bound to plasma proteins
Explain what somatropin is, when it can be prescribed, and medication contradictions.
Somatropin is a growth hormone produce by the anterior pituitary gland. If there is unadqueate amount produced in the body it can lead to decrease growth. It is can be prescribed if patient has genetic disorders such as Turner's syndrome and if the epiphyseal plates have closed. It cannot be given with glucocorsteriods
A nurse is checking up on a client and noticed that the client is unconscious, cold, and sweaty. Upon further assessment, the client's blood sugar is 35 and he does not have an IV access. What should a nurse do 1st?
Inject IM glucagon
A client has been prescribed Levothyroxine for the first time. What dietary foods should the client avoid? How can we tell if the treatment was therapeutic?
Soy: it can decreased the effectiveness
Client can have weight lost, increased energy, heartrate decreased, cold intolerance decreased, increased T4 and decreased TSH etc.
Please list the mild opioid agonist, strong opioid agonist, and non-opioid analgesics
Mild opioid agonists include codeine and hydrocodone.
Fentanyl, hydromorphone, meperidine, and oxycodone are considered strong opioid agonists.
Tramadol and acetaminophen is a non-opioid analgesic.
What physiological changes in elderly clients could alter how medications are distributed, metabolized, and execrated?
GI motility decreases with age, body mass decreases, body cannot hold as much fluid
Liver does not have the same metabolizing ability.
Kidney functions decrease with age resulting in decrease filtration rate
Name at least 3 adverse effects of prednisone?
Hyperglycemia, weight gain, osteoporosis, cushing syndrome, GI discomfort, infection
What drug class is repaglinide? How would the RN instruct a patient to take this medication?
Glinide class. It only works with food and has a short half-life. Do not take if patient is not eating due to the risk of hypoglycemic
A client has been prescribed propylthiouracil (PTU) and ask what foods he should avoid and what labs need to be drawn?
Foods containing shellfish (iodine) should be avoiding. Thyroid panel and a CBC should drawn at each follow-up due to risk of agranulocytosis
Please name at least 3 adverse effects of Acetaminophen.
1. Hepatotoxicity
2. Renal failure
3. Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
What is tolerance, withdrawal, physical dependence, psychological dependence?
Tolerance describes the state of adaptation, where exposure to the drug causes changes in drug receptors and results in decreased drug effects over time.
Withdrawal are physiological symptoms that occur when an individual STOPS a substance.
Physical dependence is the physiological need for a drug to avoid physical withdrawal symptoms.
Psychological dependence is known as addiction and is the obsessive desire for the euphoric effects of the drug.
A client has been newly prescribed prednisone. What should the RN include in the teaching?
1. This medication may increase your BG.
2. Do not abruptly stop the medication.
3. Continue the medication even if symptoms have subsided.