Muscle Wasting Disorders
These can cause serious illness when given as a standard preventative measure to an individual who is taking an immune modulator such as Betaseron.
What are live vaccines?
Anti-epileptics work by inhibiting these _____ neurons and enhancing these_____ neurons
What are excitatory and inhibitory?
Sinemet is a combination medication that helps to treat this symptom of PD - slow movement patterns.
What is Bradykinesia?
When a patient is experiencing this ADR, such as is possible with Dopamine Agonists and MAO- Antagonists, it is important to check vitals and educate them to move slowly through transitions.
What is orthostatic hypotension?
This common herb is known to have a neuroprotective effect and is often recommended to patients with muscle wasting disorders. It is extremely expensive when harvested from the wild, sometimes costing up to $300 per pound.
What is ginseng?
In abnormal concentrations, this neurochemical can lead to Huntington's Chorea, ALS, and even Alzheimer's Disease.
What is Glutamate?
For break-through seizures, a rescue med may be given, most often through this method of administration.
What is rectal?
The primary effect a medication like Baclofen, is to reduce spasm and tension in smooth muscles, which can also, in turn, help to reduce pain as a secondary effect.
What are muscle relaxants?
These medications block ACH, which inhibits the PSN, causing ADR's such as confusion, hallucinations, blurred vision, and dry mouth.
What are Anticholinergics?
This type of diet has been studied and been shown to be effective in patients with epilepsy/seizures, which is high in fat and very low in carbohydrates with a goal of metabolic ketosis.
What is the Ketogenic Diet?
This group of medications is used in a variety of other disorders, including COPD, however used here to treat things such as MS, ALS, and MD.
What are corticosteroids?
When taking certain anti-epileptics, _________ this can significantly impacted, especially in children, making compliance and participation in therapy challenging.
What is behavior or mood?
This medication is NOT a dopamine agonist, but rather a precursor of dopamine, which helps the patient create more of their own dopamine.
What is Levadopa?
L-Dopa often causes this ADR, which can be minimized by taking medication with food.
What is Nausea and Vomiting (or just nausea)
Supplements like Selenium, zinc, B vitamins, and vitamin A (just to name a few) can stimulate the immune system, meaning patients with this muscle wasting disease should probably avoid these in high dosed supplements.
What is MS?
This group of medications works to decrease an over active immune response and is used primarily in the treatment of MS.
What are immune system modulators?
This is the common abbreviation that is utilized for this class of medications - what you would commonly see in a medical record.
AED (Anti Epileptic Drug)
This type of drug helps to make dopamine more available in the brain and allows it to remain active for longer periods of time. It's primary use is to help control fluctuations in motor control.
What are MAO-B Antagonists?
Antiepileptics have many ADR's- this one causes a loss of muscle coordination, causing clumsy and awkward movements.
What is ataxia?
This mineral has been shown to have potential for modulating seizure activity due to it's ability to minimize excitation of receptors in the brain. It is also used to help lower blood pressure (especially when induced by pregnancy).
What is magnesium?
This group of drugs are most commonly used to treat MS - they can decrease the frequency and severity of flares, but they can also cause flu like symptoms until the patient gets used to the medication.
What are Beta Interferons?
This is the most common rescue medication given for patients with severe, irretractable seizures (as noted in the lecture).
What is Diazepam (Diastat)
This group of drugs is the oldest class used to treat PD, and works by blocking ACH (which decreases PSN effect on smooth muscle).
What are Anti-cholinergics?
Although meant to assist with movement coordination in patient's with PD, Sinement (L-Dopa + Carbidopa) can have an ADR of this___, defined as involuntary movements (tremor to full-body movements).
What is Dyskinesia?
Foods containing this amino acid, found in chicken, turkey, fish, and eggs, convert to dopamine in the brain, which can be beneficial for patients with Parkinson's Disease.
What is Tyrosine?