Show:
Types of Seizures
Seizure Pathophysiology
Antiepileptic Drug Action
Local Anesthetics
General Anesthetics
100
Fever associated seizures in children
What is febrile seizures?
100
A seizure can be caused by the decrease in this-mediated inhibition
What is GABA?
100
These channels normally have a quick recovery from inactivation in normal neurons.
What are sodium channels?
100
The influx of these 2 things results in depolarization and increased excitability.
What are sodium and calcium?
100
These types of agents are generally used for maintenance of anesthesia
What are inhalation agents?
200
Very frequent but brief episodes of loss of consciousness
What is absence seizures?
200
The loss of surround inhibition includes the depolarization induced opening of NMDA channels -- accumulation of this in terminals
What is calcium?
200
Valproate and ethosuximide work by suppressing this.
What is calcium influx?
200
When used with local anesthetics, these allow for an increased duration of action and lower doses
What are vasoconstrictors?
200
This IV anesthetic produces unconsciousness in 10-30 seconds
What is thiopental?
300
Confused behavior and impairment of consciousness
What is complex partial seizures?
300
Secondary generalization of partial seizures includes spread between hemispheres via this
What is the corpus callosum?
300
Phenytoin works by this mechanism.
What is prolongation of sodium channel inactivation?
300
The effectiveness of the block is increased with these
What are high frequency firing and longer action potentials?
300
This is the most commonly used intravenous anesthetic in the US
What is propofol?
400
Muscle rigidity followed by synchronous muscle jerks
What is tonic-clonic seizures (Grand Mal)?
400
Repetitive firing can cause a seizure by increasing this
What is extracellular potassium?
400
This drug increases GABA action by promoting GABA release
What is gabapentin?
400
When local anesthetics and vasoconstrictors are used together there is a possibility of this in areas of limited circulation.
What is tissue hypoxia?
400
This IV anesthetic is primarily used for patient at risk for hypotension
What is etomidate?
500
Sudden muscle contractions
What is myoclonic seizures?
500
These are three ways to increase electrical activity
What are physical lesions, microenvironment changes, abnormal channel conductance/activity, and channelopathies?
500
This drug increases GABA action by inhibiting the enzyme that degrades GABA.
What is vigabatrin?
500
Local anesthetics are injected into this
What is the endoneurium?
500
This is used for muscle relaxation
What is succinylcholine and pancuronium?