Pharmacology

Pharm Basics

100

This part of a medication actually performs the desired action.

What is the active ingredient?

200

This describes what happens to a drug after it enters the body.

What is pharmacokinetics?

300

This term describes using a medication in a way or species for which it is not specifically labeled.

What is extra-label drug use?

400

The liver is the major site of this process, which chemically changes many medications.

What is biotransformation/metabolism?

500

This measurement compares the effective dose with the lethal dose and helps describe a medication's margin of safety.

What is the therapeutic index?

Drug Identification

100

This alpha-2 antagonist is commonly used to reverse dexmedetomidine.

What is atipamezole (Antisedan)?

200

This Class III antiarrhythmic changes cardiac electrical activity and is used for arrhythmias that don't respond to other medications.

What is amiodarone?

300

This drug blocks acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors and can be used to increase heart rate.

What is atropine?

400

This hormone promotes free-water retention by the kidneys and can increase blood pressure through smooth muscle effects.

What is vasopressin?

500

A dog was sedated with dexmedetomidine and now needs to be rapidly reversed. This drug would be appropriate.

What is atipamezole?

"Who Am I?"

100

• I am an emetic.
• I stimulate dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone.
• I may be used when a patient has ingested a toxin.

Apomorphine

200

• I am a pure μ antagonist.
• I reverse respiratory depression from opioids.
• I can also reverse analgesia

What is naloxone 

300

• I am a dopamine antagonist.
• I am a phenothiazine tranquilizer.
• I can cause hypotension.
• I am NOT an anxiolytic.

Acepromazine

400

• I am an antidote for organophosphate toxicity.
• I remove phosphate from the anticholinesterase enzyme.
• My name is commonly shortened to 2-PAM.

Pralidoxime (2-PAM)

500

• I am a Class III antiarrhythmic.
• I can help with arrhythmias that don't respond to other medications.
• I may improve response to defibrillation.

Amiodarone

Drug Safety

100

A drug reaction caused by a dose that is too high, an overdose, or drug buildup is called this.

What is a toxic effect

200

A patient experiences vomiting after receiving a medication at its normal therapeutic dose. This is an example of what?

What is an adverse drug reaction?

300

This type of reaction is unexpected and is not a known or expected effect of the medication.

What is an idiosyncratic reaction?

400

Tissue necrosis occurs because an injectable medication extravasated into surrounding tissue. Is this a toxic effect or an adverse drug event?

What is an adverse drug event?

500

Which is generally more dangerous: a drug with a wide therapeutic margin or a drug with a narrow therapeutic margin?

What is a narrow therapeutic margin?

Fluids

100

This type of fluid contains water, electrolytes, and sometimes a buffer.

What is a crystalloid?

200

These three major types of crystalloid fluids are classified according to their tonicity.

What are hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic?

300

Urine, vomiting, and diarrhea are examples of these measurable fluid losses.

What are sensible/ongoing losses?

400

A patient has heart disease. Why would you need to be especially cautious when administering IV fluids?

Because overhydration can worsen cardiac failure

500

This type of fluid contains larger molecules that remain in the intravascular space longer than crystalloids.

What is a colloid?