Pathophysiology
Damaged neurons ins the basal ganglia of the brain in which dopamine-rich area begin to degenerate.
What is Parkinson Disease?
Used to treat seizures.
What are antiseizure agents?
An agent used to block the effects of opioids
What is naloxone?
How to monitor the adverse effects of the liver and kidneys
What are liver function test and renal function test?
Client assessment of pain level.
What is your pain on scale of 0 - 10?
Uncontrolled electrical activity between brain cells that cause temporary abnormalities in muscle tone or movement
What is a seizure?
This agent given for spasticity can cause hepatic toxicity if given with estrogens
What is dantrolene?
This agent can cause severe hypotension if simultaneously taking antihypertensive medications.
What is tizanidine?
The biggest concern with administering opioids
What is respiratory depression?
Oral issue with use of phenytoin.
What is gingival hyperplasia?
An amino acid in the brain that functions to reduce neuronal excitability by inhibiting nerve transmission.
What is gamma amino butyric acid (GABA)?
This agent is used to treat cluster headaches
What is sumatriptan?
This pain medications are preferred in pediatrics.
What are codeine, hydrocodone, meperidine, morphine, fentanyl but not transdermal?
A more serious adverse effect of Donepezil.
What is a syncopal episode?
A slower heartbeat causing a syncopal episode can occur. More common adverse effects are appetite change, nausea, diarrhea, and trouble sleeping.
The nurse will educate the patient to avoid this when taking benzodiazepines.
What is alcohol?
Increases dopamine, inhibits acetylcholine while adjusting the balance of neurotransmitters.
What are drugs for Parkinson's Disease?
Beta Blockers should be avoided with ergot drugs because of this potential risk
What is an increase risk for peripheral ischemia and gangrene?
Used for spasticity
What are baclofen and dantrolene?
Symptoms of Benzodiazepine withdrawal
What are flu symptoms, vertigo, sleep disturbance, irritability, increased tension and anxiety, panic attacks, hand tremor, sweating, difficulty in concentration, dry retching and nausea, some weight loss, palpitations, and headache?
Priority intervention when administering parenteral benzodiazepine
What are safety measures?
Assess respirations and LOC, bed in low position, call light in reach, side rails up, change positions slowly
These agents decrease sweating; body doesn't effectively decrease internal temp, there is an increase risk heat stroke.
What are anticholinergics?
This must be done when discontinuing baclofen on a client
What is taper the dose over 1 to 2 weeks to prevent psychoses and hallucinations?
This combination drug is used to treat Parkinson's disease by controlling movement
What are carbidopa-levodopa (Sinemet)?
Serious adverse reaction caused by carbamazepine
What is carbamazepine toxicity (frequent bruising, bleeding, and bone marrow depression (leukopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia)?
If administered fast will cause drop in BP and bradycardia.
What are IV benzodiazepines?
Ex: Lorazepam