Definitions
If an orphan drug is not a drug without parents, then what is it?
drug or biologic product for the diagnosis or treatment of a rare disease ( less than 200,000 persons in the US)
and/or
A drug that is not expected to recover the cost for the drug development
How many names each drug has?
5
chemical name
code name
generic name
official name
trade name
what is the first pass effect?
it is when a drug taken orally, is highly metabolized and its activity terminated as it passes through the liver, before it ever reaches systemic circulation. Must be overcome by administering higher dosages.
BID
Twice Daily
po
by mouth
Define Agonist
Binds to a receptor and initiates a response
How many phases each drug goes through in the process for approval in the US?
3
Define plasma half life
time to clear ½ of the
dose
Stat
immediately
hs
at bedtime (hour of sleep)
What does Idiosyncratic mean?
Unusual response/ Unusual Side effect
which phase of a drug in process for approval utilizes small number of subjects with disease?
phase 2
what is tachyphylaxis
rapid decrease in response to a drug
ml
Milliliter
q4h
every 4 hours
Define pharmacognosy
it is the identification of sources of drugs, Ex: from plants and animals
List 3 routes of administration of drugs
• Enteral (Intestine):Tablet, capsule, suppository, elixir, suspension
• Parenteral: (injectable) IV, IM, SC, IT, IO
• Transdermal: Patch, paste
• Inhalation: Gas, aerosol
• Topical: Powder, lotion, ointment
what is the pharmacokinetic phase
the time course and disposition of a drug in the body based on absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination
( describes what the body does to a drug)
cc
Cubic centimeter ( another term for mL)
dil
dilute
what is pinocytosis?
it is a method of drug absorption where a cell incorporates the substance into the cell by a process of membrane engulfment
list 2 advantages for administering drugs via inhalation
• Smaller dose
• Fewer side effects
• Rapid onset
• Targets respiratory system
• Painless, relatively safe
what is the primary site of drug metabolism?
what is the primary site of drug excretion?
liver
kidneys
PRN
as needed
Q4WA
every 4 hours while awake