Gene Regulation
What are transcription factors?
A protein that can activate or inhibit gene expression
What is Hemophilia B?
A blood clotting disorder where the Factor IX gene is not expressed
What does FACS stand for?
Fluorescence activated cell sorting
The formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels
What are histones and what are their charge?
a protein complex that DNA wraps around
Histones are positively charged
Which antibody helps your target protein stick to the plate during ELISA?
Capturing antibody
Why do scientists perform FACS?
It is used to count and analyze the size, shape, and properties of individual cells within a mixed population of cells
In the lab, how can we differentiate between activated VEGFR and inactive VEGFR
What are 3 types of post transcriptional modifications?
1. Splicing of introns
2. 5' methyl cap
3. Poly A tail
True or False: the Detecting antibody binds the secondary antibody
FALSE: the detecting antibody binds the target of protein
What is the purpose of the fluidics system?
consists of fluid that helps move the sample through the FACS machine
What type of force does HPLC take advantage of?
London Dispersion forces
instantaneous dipole–induced dipole forces
What are the function of HATs?
HAT=histone acetyl transferase
add acetal groups to the histone tail to neutralize the positive charged amino acids of the histone from the negative DNA; makes DNA more accessible
What are secondary antibodies?
Secondary antibodies bind primary antibodies!
What are the 3 types of deflected lights measured by detectors?
Forward scattered light
Side scattered light
Fluorescent light
During HPLC, what is retention time?
amount of time it takes for compound to go from injector to detector
Name 3 types of post translational modifications
What is the purpose of using an enzyme linked antibody?
When a substrate is added, the enzyme will convert the substrate to a detectable product.
The amount of detectable product will be proportional to the amount of target protein in our sample
True or False: if a cell is recorded to have high SS and low FS, it would be considered a large and complex cell.
FALSE:
high SS=high complexity
low FS= small size
If you were to administer VGEFR antagonists to a population of cancer cells, what do you expect the result to be?
receptor antagonist will block VEGF from binding and activating VEGFR
Since VEGFR signalling leads to blood vessel growth, blocking this pathway would help inhibit the survival of these cancer cells