Fundamentals of Drug Action
Movement of a drug through the body absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion
Pharmacokinetics
Drugs that mimic the response of the Sympathetic Nervous System
Sympathomimetics
lipid soluble, not charged, easily crosses the membrane
Non-ionized
Drug of choice for HTN
Diuretics
Antiviral drug to treat HVS-1 or HSV-2 = primary gingivostomatitis
Acyclovir
A drug that becomes more active in the body once it has been metabolized
Prodrug
An agent that blocks the neurotransmitter Acetylcholine in the CNS and the PNS.
Anticholinergic
This constant helps predict what molecules will do at a specific pH.
pKa-acid dissociation constant
Act in distal tubule of kidney to inhibit NaCl reabsorption back into blood → increased sodium in tubule → increased urination → excretion of K ↑ (also contraindicated for diabetics)
Thiazide Diuretics
Treats oral candidiasis, usually in oral suspension
Nystatin (Mycostatin
some drugs in high doses (alcohol/aspirin) exhaust the enzyme system of biotransformation, thus elimination becomes overloaded
Zero-order Kinetics
The 2 categories of sympathetic nervous system Adrenergic drugs
Direct acting: drugs bind directly to alpha and beta
Indirect acting: Drugs don’t bind. Causes NE release, interacts at receptor site
a drug given to reduce anxiety and produce minimal sedation
Anxiolysis
The diuretic that may cause hyperkalemia. It acts in distal tubule – inhibition of Na reabsorption corresponds to K excretion
Potassium-sparing diuretic
Drug that acts only on gram + or gram -
Narrow spectrum
when the therapeutic response cannot be increased with a higher dose of the drug (increasing the dose can lead to withdrawal and/or toxicity)
Ceiling effect
Sympathetic drugs: asthma drugs of choice
Drug combo (low doses/different actions) less adverse effects/speedier recovery (within minutes)
Balanced Anesthesia
Ideal drug for HTN patients with diabetes. Adverse effect: persistent cough
ACE inhibitors: block conversion of angio I into the activated angio II by inhibiting converting enzyme (ACE drugs barely effect cardiac output/heart rate) – reduces peripheral resistance (↓ pres.)
Inhibit multiplication of bacteria
Bacteriostatic
Actions of drug on the body, or how the drug works on the body, involves drug-receptor interactions, mechanism of drug reaction, drug response and dose-response relationships
Pharmacodynamics
Blocks catecholamine reuptake, so it increaseshypertensive effects of Epinephrine such as a Local Anesthetic with Epinephrine
Tricyclic Antidepressants
Known as Tranquilizers treat anxious patients/preoperative sedation; respiratory monitoring required for IV or IM (few minutes → brain)
Benzodiazepines
increase vasodilation by inhibiting influx of Ca into heart/ smooth muscle by inhibiting calcium channels
Calcium Channel blockers
side note: adverse effects include Orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia, gingival enlargement, xerostomia, dysgeusia (altered taste). Peripheral Edema
standard premedication regimen for infective bacterial endocarditis
Amoxicillin
**State the dosage