Side Effects Showdown
What class of drugs can cause nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity and accumulates in the kidney and inner ear?
What are aminoglycosides?
This diuretic works in the ascending loop of Henle to inhibit sodium and chloride reabsorption.
What is furosemide?
What should a nurse monitor before administering gentamicin?
What are peak and trough levels?
This antibiotic class has a warning for tendonitis and tendon rupture.
What are fluoroquinolones?
Prototype of aminoglycosides
What is gentamicin?
Which opioid side effect is the primary concern due to its potentially fatal consequences?
What is respiratory depression?
This drug works by binding to bacterial penicillin-binding proteins and inhibiting cell wall synthesis.
What is penicillin?
When administering morphine, what vital sign is the most critical to monitor?
What is respiratory rate?
IV administration of this drug can result in cardiopulmonary arrest.
What is Penicillin G?
Prototype of beta-lactam penicillins
What is ampicillin?
This class of drugs may cause hyperglycemia, fluid retention, and Cushingoid features with long-term use.
What are corticosteroids?
This opioid antagonist binds to mu receptors to reverse the effects of opioids.
What is naloxone?
Patients on spironolactone should be educated to avoid foods high in this electrolyte.
What is potassium?
Chronic use of this diuretic showed tumor development in rats.
What is spironolactone?
Prototype of loop diuretics
What is furosemide?
A patient with a history of chronic heart failure and a recent diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis is prescribed both furosemide and gentamicin. After 3 days of therapy, they develop tinnitus, increased BUN and creatinine levels, and dizziness upon standing.
Identify the most likely cause of these symptoms and explain the pharmacologic interaction at play.
What is aminoglycoside-induced ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity potentiated by loop diuretic use?
Gentamicin can cause both nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Furosemide, a loop diuretic, increases this risk due to its own ototoxic potential and its effects on renal perfusion. The combination requires close monitoring of serum drug levels, kidney function, and auditory symptoms.
What is the most concerning adverse effect of hydrochlorothiazide in patients with hepatic impairment?
What is hypokalemic and hypochloremic alkalosis?
Which corticosteroid alters gene transcription to suppress inflammation and immune response?
What is prednisone?
What dietary supplement increases the risk of photosensitivity in patients on ciprofloxacin?
What is St. John’s Wort?
Which opioid carries a black box warning for neonatal abstinence syndrome?
What is morphine sulfate?
Prototype of opioid antagonists
What is naloxone?
Which antimicrobial drug can cause tendon rupture, peripheral neuropathy, and QT prolongation?
What are fluoroquinolones?
This pain reliever acts on the hypothalamus to reduce fever but has no anti-inflammatory effects.
What is acetaminophen?
What patient teaching is important when giving oral cephalosporins?
Take with food to minimize GI upset.
This corticosteroid-related condition requires stress dosing during surgery.
What is adrenal insufficiency?
Prototype of corticosteroids
What is prednisone?