Introduction to Pharmacology
The medical situation when a particular drug should not be administered is referred to as:
Contraindication
First-pass metabolism refers to the metabolism of drugs in the
Biotransformation refers to what part of pharmacokinetics?
Metabolism
C-diff is an example of what kind of infection?
Superinfection
Your friend tells you he was prescribed antibiotics for cellulitis on his right arm but stopped taking the antibiotic a few days early since his arm is no longer red. What might your friend be at risk for in the future?
Drug resistance
An unusual or unexpected drug reaction by an individual is known as
Idiosyncrasy
When adjusting a medication dose from PO to IV how do you expect the dose to change?
Lowered/Decreased Dose
What organ is primarily responsible for metabolism?
Liver
I am an antibiotic class that is bactericidal that needs a partner in crime to fight back against beta lactamases, has a sister medication, can cause anaphylaxis, and is often given to treat Strep, Staph, and pneumonia infections. What am I?
Penicillins
You administered a Norco to your patient. This medication includes acetaminophen combined with hydrocodone to provide more pain relief than if those individual medications were administered at separate times, this effect is an example of what?
Synergistic Effect
The time from drug administration to the first observable drug effect is known as the
Onset of action
Which medications have higher bioavailability PO or IV?
IV
True or false: route of medication does not impact absorption?
False
I am an antibiotic class that is bacteriostatic, is proud to be one of the first broad spectrum antibiotics, enjoys having a buddy to mix with, fights best against UTIs, ear infections, and bronchitis, but sometimes is too harsh to their kidney friends, Trimpy-S might be a nickname to help you remember my full name (Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole). What am I?
Sulfonamides
You administered metoprolol to your patient with a blood pressure of 160/85 and heart rate of 89 with the indication of hypertension. After administration the patient's blood pressure is 120/80 and heart rate is 78. How do you know this medication was therapeutic?
BP 120/80/decreased blood pressure
The time a drug continues to produce its effect is its
Duration of action
What organ is primarily responsible for excretion?
Kidneys
An undesired effect of drug but predicted is called?
Side effect
I am an antibiotic class that comes from a long line of bactericidal genetics (5 generations), and we have a habit of naming each generation with a ‘c’ name. I work well with my sister and my most recent generation can fight against MRSA. Toss me in the ring with skin, bone, ear, GU, and respiratory infections and I’ll put up a good fight. I don’t like to party, if you give me alcohol you won’t like me. You might want to keep an eye out for a rash and your kidney friends when I’m around. What am I?
Cephalosporins
The metoprolol you administered decreased the patient’s blood pressure and heart rate. Is this a selective medication?
No, this is nonselective
Drugs that have demonstrated teratogenic effects in women are classified as Pregnancy Category
X
The drug you administered has a 2 hour half life, how long until this drug is considered fully eliminated?
10 hours
True or false: A medication with a narrow therapeutic window is considered a relatively safe medication.
False
I am an antibiotic class and all my friends in class have the same last name –floxacin. I am broad spectrum and bactericidal. We are kind of a rough group to play with, we can end up causing pseudomembranous colitis, SJS, QT syndrome, seizures, tendonitis, rupture, and peripheral neuropathy. You also might want to make sure you are well hydrated. Antacids, milk, and yogurt and I don’t mix well and I prefer to hang out with the grown ups. What am I?
Fluorquiolones
Bob in room 222 was reviewing side effects of the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole he was prescribed and wants to know the difference between SJS and photosensitivity. What education can you provide him?
SJS is a severe and life-threatening condition, photosensitivity is a severe reaction to sunlight like a severe sunburn and can be avoided with precaution to the sun (sunscreen, clothing, etc.)