Insulins/OAs
Peak is expected within 0.5-2.5 hours
What is insulin lispro?
Expected lab finding for a common adverse effect of spironolactone.
What is hyperkalemia?
Medication that is given in emergency response to anaphylaxis.
DAILY DOUBLE: The route this medication is given via.
What is Epinephrine (Epi-Pen)?
DD: IM injection
Is this adrenergic agonist, or antagonist? What receptors does it bind to?
Can't see, can't pee, can't spit refers to side effects related to this class of drugs.
What are Anti-cholinergics, or cholinergic antagonists
Common treatment before undergoing thyroidectomy
What is Iodine-131?
Duration of 6-10 hours
What is regular insulin?
Where lisinopril interferes with the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System.
Blocks conversion of angiotensin I (inactive form) to angiotensin II (active form) via inhibition of angiotensin converting enzymes (ACEs).
Indications (name 2) and mechanism of action: metoprolol (Lopressor)
Indication: Arrhythmias, CHF, HTN
MOA: Adrenergic (B1) antagonist. Slows HR/BP by blocking sympathetic stimulation via B1.
Contraindications for Pilocarpine (2)
Closed angle glaucoma, acute iritis
Why are these contraindications, based on the MOA of pilocarpine?
Is this AcH agonist, or antagonist?
Indication for use of flumazenil.
What is respiratory depression associated with benzodiazepine overdose?
Class of insulin that should only be given directly before or during a meal. Withhold for nausea or anorexia.
What is insulin lispro?
Where Losartan (Cozaar) interferes with the RAAS
Blockage of angiotensin II receptors on adrenal gland, preventing release of aldosterone.
Indications (name 2) and MOA for Prazosin (MiniPress)
Indication: BPH, HTN, nightmares
MOA: adrenergic (A1) antagonist. Lowers BP via blocking SNS stimulation at A1.
Mechanism of Action: Oxybutynin and Atropine.
DAILY DOUBLE: The antidote for atropine.
Anti-cholinergics, or AcH antagonists
DD: physostigmine
When is atropine indicated? Oxybutynin?
Black box warning for Zolpidem (Ambien)
What is sitagliptin (Januvia)?
Shared contraindication for Losartan (Cozaar) and lisinopril (Zestril).
Renal artery stenosis OR pregnancy/lactation
Name the receptors that "speed up, constrict" the body and the receptors that "slow down, relax" the body
Speed up: A1 (alpha 1) and B1 (beta 1)
Slow down: A2 (alpha 2) and B2 (beta 2)
Why someone taking Oxybutynin (cholinergic antagonist) should avoid being exposed to hot environments or vigorous exercise for long periods of time.
What is anticholinergics produce inhibition of sweat glands, leading to risk of hyperthermia?
Indicated for medication management of Grave's disease in the second and third trimester of pregnancy.
What is Methimazole (Tapazole).
What medication is used in the first trimester?
Oral anti-glycemic known to cause disulfiram reactions, due to the presence of a sulfa group.
What is glipizide (Glucotrol)?
Why are OAs not indicated for T1DM? What are the other classes of OAs?
The implication of the inhibition of aldosterone release.
DAILY DOUBLE: The electrolyte value that should be monitored with inhibition of release of aldosterone?
What is: Aldosterone regulates fluid volume when released from adrenal glands. By inhibiting aldosterone release, kidneys excrete more water/sodium.
DD: Potassium--monitor for hyperkalemia.
What drugs would this precaution apply to?
Patients with asthma are at risk for bronchospasm with blockage of this adrenergic receptor.
DAILY DOUBLE: Unlike propranolol (non-selective Beta blocker), this medication is more selective, poses less risk to asthmatics when used.
What is B2?
DD: metoprolol, selective B1 receptor antagonist.
The effect a cholinergic agonist has on the pupil size.
What is constriction, or miosis?
ADRs of PTU and methimazole (pick 2)
Agranulocytosis, rash, hepatotoxicity