Anti-HTN A
This thiazide diuretic is commonly prescribed to treat hypertension and should be taken once daily, usually in the morning.
What is hydrochlorothiazide?
This potassium-sparing diuretic, which can lead to hyperkalemia, is often used in combination with other diuretics to prevent potassium loss.
What is spironolactone?
This cardiac glycoside is used to treat heart failure and certain arrhythmias but requires careful monitoring due to its narrow therapeutic range.
What is digoxin?
This loop diuretic, commonly used to manage heart failure, can lead to potassium loss and requires monitoring for signs of hypokalemia.
What is furosemide?
This rapid-acting insulin is used before meals to control blood sugar in patients with Type 1 diabetes.
What is insulin lispro?
This class of medications, such as losartan, works by blocking angiotensin II receptors and is often prescribed for patients who cannot tolerate ACE inhibitors.
What are ARBs (Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers)?
This vasodilator, used in hypertensive emergencies, can cause reflex tachycardia and is contraindicated in coronary artery disease due to sympathetic nervous system stimulation.
What is hydralazine?
This drug, often used as a first-line treatment for supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), must be administered rapidly via IV due to its very short half-life.
What is adenosine?
This positive inotropic agent is used in heart failure to increase cardiac output by strengthening heart contractions but has a narrow therapeutic range and toxicity concerns.
This oral biguanide medication is commonly prescribed for Type 2 diabetes and has a risk of causing lactic acidosis.
What is metformin?
This alpha-1 receptor antagonist is a second-line treatment for hypertension, particularly useful for patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
What is doxazosin?
This centrally acting alpha-2 receptor agonist, used to lower blood pressure, can cause rebound hypertension if discontinued abruptly.
What is clonidine?
This beta-blocker is commonly prescribed for atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter, slowing the heart rate by blocking beta-adrenergic receptors.
What is atenolol or metoprolol?
This beta-1 agonist, used in the treatment of heart failure, primarily increases stroke volume and cardiac output due to its inotropic effects.
What is dobutamine?
This sulfonylurea drug stimulates insulin secretion from the pancreas and is used to manage blood sugar in Type 2 diabetes.
What is glyburide?
This beta-blocker, available in oral and IV forms, is contraindicated in bradycardic and asthmatic patients due to its effects on heart rate and airway constriction.
What is Propanalol, Labetalol, or Carvedilol?
This antihypertensive drug class works by preventing the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II and is contraindicated in pregnancy due to teratogenic effects.
What are ACE inhibitors?
This potassium channel blocker, used for life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, can cause significant side effects, including pulmonary toxicity and thyroid dysfunction.
What is amiodarone?
This aldosterone antagonist is a potassium-sparing diuretic used in heart failure, but it carries a risk of hyperkalemia and requires monitoring of electrolyte levels.
What is spironolactone?
This medication is used to treat diabetes insipidus by reducing urine output and can cause side effects such as fluid retention and headaches.
What is desmopressin?
This class of drugs, including nifedipine and verapamil, works by inhibiting calcium ion movement into heart and blood vessel cells, reducing blood pressure and heart rate.
What are calcium channel blockers?
These are the 7 different classes of medications with examples that are used to treat hypertension cases.
What is
Diuretics: Furosemide, Hydrochlorothiazide, Spironolactone, and Mannitol
Alpha-1 receptor Antagonist: Doxazosin
Alpha-2 receptor Agonist: Clonidine, Methyldopa
ACE inhibitors: Lisinopril, Captopril, "-pril"
ARBs: Losartan, Valsartan, "-sartan"
Beta Blockers: Metoprolol, Atenolol, "-lol"
CCBs: Nifidepine, Dilitiazem, Verapamil
These are the 1st and 2nd line drugs, if applicable, to treat A-Fib/Atrial Flutter, SVT, Sinus Bradycardia, and V-Tach/V-Fib, respectively.
What is
A-Fib/Atrial Flutter:
1st: Beta Blockers, Calcium Channel Blockers, Digoxin
2nd: Amiodarone
SVT:
1st: Adenosine
2nd: Beta Blockers, Calcium Channel Blockers, Amiodarone
Sinus Bradycardia: Atropine
V-Tach/V-Fib: Amiodarone
This ACE inhibitor is commonly prescribed for heart failure and hypertension, and while it offers renal protection, it may cause angioedema and should be avoided in pregnancy.
What is lisinopril or anything ended in "-pril"?
This medication is used to treat severe hypoglycemia in unconscious patients by stimulating the liver to convert glycogen into glucose.
What is glucagon?