Fluids and Electrolytes
Which electrolyte imbalance shows flattened T waves and predisposes patients to digoxin toxicity?
What is hypokalemia?
Which ACE inhibitor side effect leads many patients to switch to an ARB?
What is a dry cough?
Warfarin targets which lab and what’s the therapeutic range for most patients?
INR 2–3.
Which short-acting beta-agonist is used as a rescue inhaler?
Albuterol (Ventolin/ProAir).
Which TB drug turns body fluids orange and reduces birth control effectiveness?
Rifampin (Rifadin)
A patient receiving 0.45 % NS becomes confused and seizing — what imbalance developed and first action?
What is hyponatremia → stop hypotonic fluids and notify provider?
Which beta-blocker is contraindicated in asthma due to beta 2 blockade in the lungs?
What is propranolol (Inderal)?
What is the antidote for heparin?
Protamine sulfate.
Which long-acting beta-agonist is for maintenance therapy, not rescue use?
Salmeterol (Serevent Diskus).
Which TB drug can cause optic neuritis and requires baseline eye exam?
Ethambutol (Myambutol)
ABG 7.28 / PaCO₂ 37 / HCO₃ 17 → identify imbalance and drug class used to treat it.
What is metabolic acidosis treated with sodium bicarbonate?
A patient on verapamil and metoprolol develops HR 48 and BP 88/50 — what is happening?
Additive bradycardia and hypotension from dual AV-node block.
A patient on rivaroxaban (Xarelto) has back pain and dark urine — what should the nurse suspect?
Internal bleeding.
What’s the most important teaching after using fluticasone (Flovent)?
Rinse mouth after use to prevent oral thrush.
Which vitamin should be given with isoniazid (INH) to prevent peripheral neuropathy?
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)
Loop or thiazide diuretics can cause metabolic alkalosis — which drug helps reverse this by excreting bicarbonate?
What is acetazolamide (Diamox)?
ACE Is and ARBs should be used cautiously with spironolactone because of what lab abnormality?
What is hyperkalemia?
Why are aspirin and clopidogrel often prescribed together after a cardiac stent?
Dual antiplatelet therapy targets different pathways to prevent thrombosis.
Which nasal spray should be used ≤ 3 days to avoid rebound congestion?
Oxymetazoline (Afrin).
Which TB drug is linked to hyperuricemia and gout-like pain?
Pyrazinamide (PZA).
Name two safety rules for IV KCl infusion through a peripheral line.
Use infusion pump and do not exceed 10 mEq/hr; verify urine output > 30 mL/hr.
List three organ systems that require monitoring with amiodarone therapy.
What are lungs, liver, and thyroid?
Statin + fibrate combination can cause what dangerous muscle complication and which lab detects it?
Rhabdomyolysis; check creatine kinase (CK).
Which RSV product is a monoclonal antibody (not a vaccine) for infant protection?
Nirsevimab (Beyfortus).
A patient on statins reports dark urine and muscle pain — what do you suspect and what should you do?
Rhabdomyolysis → stop statin and notify provider immediately.