Thyroid
What should the nurse assess prior to the administration of levothyroxine?
A. blood glucose
B. heart rate
C. lung sounds
D. urine output
B. Assessment of the client’s heart rate should occur prior to the administration of levothyroxine. If the heart rate is greater than 100 beats/min, it is important to notify the prescriber.
A women receives a diagnosis of Cushing’s disease. She has an excess of which of the following hormones?
A. luteinizing hormone
B. glucose
C. insulin
D. corticotropin
D. Corticotropin is in excess in clients with Cushing’s disease
which causes and increase in cortisol
stimulated by physical or emotional stress, such as strenuous exercise or work, pain, hemorrhage, intense emotions, and temperature extremes
chronic disorder of childhood, results from an autoimmune disorder that destroys pancreatic beta cells.
Type 1 Diabetes
A patient is taking fludrocortisone acetate for adrenal insufficiency. Which of the following symptoms indicates that the patient is hypokalemic?
A. tetany
B. irregular pulse rate
C. decreased pulse rate
D. muscle weakness
D. Muscle weakness is indicative of hypokalemia in clients taking fludrocortisone acetate.
hypokalemia: muscle weakness, cramps,
A patient asks the nurse when the daily dose of levothyroxine should be taken. Which of the following instructions is most appropriate to teach the patient?
A. Take it before breakfast on an empty stomach.
B. Take it with meals every 8 hours in divided doses.
C. Take it every night at bedtime with a snack.
D. Take it every day at the same without regard to meals.
A. Administration of levothyroxine should take place every morning before breakfast on an empty stomach.
Primary adrenal insufficiency, that occurs when adrenal cortical hormones are deficient. ACTH levels are elevated because the feedback mechanism is not working
Addison's Disease
Levodopa mimics the sympthetic nervous system. Why is Carbadopa given with levodopa?
To reduce levodopa dosage and decrease adverse effects, carbidopa, an AADC inhibitor, is given to decrease the peripheral metabolism of levodopa
this type of diabetes is dependent on exogenous insulin
Type 1 diabetes
What are the most commonly recommended sites for an insulin pump?
the most commonly recommended sites are the abdomen and lower back so that absorption rates remain consistent
What expectorant may be used to treat a hyperthyroid?
Potassium iodide
A man has a low level of adrenocorticotropic hormone and a high level of cortisol. What disease does he have?
A. Cushing’s disease
B. Addison’s disease
C. adrenal cortex hemorrhage
D. myocardial infarction
A. A low level of adrenocorticotropic hormone and a high level of cortisol are indicative of Cushing’s disease.
Which is characterized by: Increased blood flow to the brain, heart, and skeletal muscles; decreased blood flow to the viscera, skin, and other organs not needed for “fight or flight
sympathetic nervous system
characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance.
Type 2 diabetes
How long before meals should regular insulin be given?
Give regular 15-30 before meals. Check peak 2-3 hours after giving med.
Why and how do we medically destroy a thyroid?
Sodium iodide 131I (Hicon) is a radioactive isotope of iodine. The thyroid gland cannot differentiate between regular iodide and radioactive iodide, so it picks up the radioactive iodide from the circulating blood.
What medication class/prototype is used to treat Addison's disease?
Do cholinergic drugs stimulate the sympathetic or
parasympathetic nervous system?
Parasympathetic
insulin of choice during acute situations, such as DKA, severe infection or other illness, and surgical procedures.
Regular insulin (insulin injection) has a rapid onset of action and can be given intravenously. Therefore, it is the insulin of choice during acute situations, such as DKA, severe infection or other illness, and surgical procedures. (Humulin, novolin)
Which disease is an inflammatory skeletal disease that affects older people. Its etiology is unknown. It is characterized by a high rate of bone turnover and results in bone deformity and pain.
Paget's Disease
is a rare but severe complication characterized by extreme symptoms of hyperthyroidism, such as severe tachycardia, fever, dehydration, heart failure, and coma.
thyroid storm or thyrotoxic crisis
What treatment and/or medication is used to treat Cushing's Syndrome
Transsphenoidal surgery if a tumor needs to be removed or health care providers use ketoconazole to control cortisol secretion in Cushing’s disease.
Transsphenoidal surgery is a surgical procedure to remove tumors in or around the pituitary gland through the nose and sphenoid sinus
as an antidote for cardiac collapse with an overdose of parasympathomimetic drugs also known as cholinergic agents and cholinesterase inhibitors such as physostigmine.
atropine
What is the goal A1C for a diabetic?
7%
Normal is below 5.7%.
Acute hypercalcemia (severe symptoms or a serum calcium level greater than 14 mg/dL)...what is the priority/treatment?
It is a medical emergency, and rehydration is a priority. It is essential to administer an IV saline solution (0.9% sodium chloride) at an initial rate of 200 to 300 mL/h and then adjust it to maintain a urine output of 100 to 150 mL/h