Introduction to Pharmacology
Which drug was discovered by Sir Alexander Flemming in 1928 and widely considered the first antibiotic:
a. Cephalexin
b. Penicillin
c. Erythromycin
d. Tetracycline
b. Penicillin
True or False - warfarin will dissolve a clot
False
what does it mean if an antibiotic has a broad spectrum of activity
Long Acting Muscarinic Antagonist
Which type of iron usually causes the least amount of stomach upset?
a. ferrous fumerate
b. polysaccharide iron complex
c. ferrous sulfate
d. ferrous gluconate
b. polysaccharide iron complex
What condition is treated with bisphosphonates?
osteoporosis
what is the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus
type 1 - pancreas is not producing insulin
type 2 - insulin is being produced but may not be working or receptors are resistant to it
what is one of the most common OTC medications used to treat acne?
a. tretinoin
b. benzoyl peroxide
c. tetracycline
d. betamethasone
b. benzoyl peroxide
Psychological dependence causes which of the following symptoms after the agent is stopped?
a. tremors
b. insomnia
c. abdominal cramps
d. intense craving
d. intense craving
What is MAOI
cough
List three anti-infective categories (other than antibacterial)
Any 3 of:
Give 1 example of a LABA
formoterol, salmeterol, or indacaterol
Which category of acid reducers are the most potent?
a. PPIs
b. H2 blockers
c. antacids
d. foaming agents
a. PPIs
A traditional drug that is commonly used to prevent hyperuricemia and the development of gout is called?
allopurinol (newer one is febuxosat and also colchicine is sometimes used preventatively)
This antithyroid medication is commonly prescribed to treat hyperthyroidism and Graves’ disease by decreasing thyroid hormone production.
What is propylthiouracil (PTU)?
This parasitic skin infestation is caused by mites burrowing into the skin and is commonly treated with permethrin cream.
What is scabies?
Give 3 visible signs that might make you think the patient at your counter has a drug dependance
Any 3 of:
Patients with asthma should generally not take which of the following?
a. alpha blockers
b. alpha agonists
c. beta blockers
d. beta agonists
c. beta blockers
CCBs block calcium ions channels in arterial smooth muscle which will cause what?
vasodilation
When a patient is in shock does their heart rate go up or down?
Up - tachycardia
Which type of inhaler can we use an Aerochamber with?
MDI
What natural product is used to treat nausea?
Ginger
This centrally acting muscle relaxant is commonly used to reduce muscle spasms in patients with multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, or spinal cord injury.
baclofen
This oral antidiabetic drug is the only medication in the biguanide class and is commonly prescribed as first line for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
This eye disorder develops when aqueous humour drainage is impaired, increasing intraocular pressure and potentially causing blindness.
What is glaucoma?
Medications primarily use 2 processes to cross body membranes - what are they?
Diffusion and Active Transport (page 47 of text book)
What does GAD stand for?
Generalized anxiety disorder
You should not eat or drink caffiene for at least how long prior to checking your blood pressure?
30 minutes
The type of vaccine that contains partial organisms or bacterial proteins that are generated in a lab using biotechnology is know as:
a. attenuated
b. inactivated
c. toxoid
d recombinant
d. recombinant
Pseudoephedrine is a decongestant that acts through what mechanism?
Alpha adreneric agonist (sympathomimetic)
Pernicious anemia is treated with B12 - what is the proper name for B12?
cyanocobalamin
This selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) is used to treat osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.
What is raloxifene?
This thiazide diuretic is one of the most widely prescribed medications for hypertension and fluid retention.
What is hydrochlorothiazide?
These vitamin A–like compounds are used to treat acne but are not recommended during pregnancy.
What are retinoids?
Drugs that speed up an isoenzyme within the cytochrome P450 system are called what?
What is - inducers
(the ones that slow down the isoenzyme are inhibitors and the drugs that use an isoenzyme within the system are called substrates)
Benzodiazepines act by binding to what receptor-chloride channel molecule?
GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)
If angiotensin 1 increases what happens to your blood pressure?
it goes up
How often should adults recieve a tetanus vaccine?
every 10 years
Rebound congestion
This type of medication inhibits the production and release of prostaglandins that are required in the cyclooxygenase pathway.
This electrolyte imbalance may occur when patients take loop or thiazide diuretics
What is hypokalemia?
These drugs are used during eye examinations to dilate the pupils and allow examination of the retina.
What are mydriatic drugs?
Drugs that inhibit or block responses are known as what?
What is antagonists
(Agonists cause a response)
Tech tip - what auxiliary label should always be put on prescriptions for benzodiazepines and barbiturates?
May cause drowsiness use caution when driving or operating dangerous equipment, alcohol may intensify this affect/ Do not drink alcohol wile taking this medication
What are the 3 main factors responsible for blood pressure (not things that influence it we are looking for the 3 primary factors involved in the calculation of it)
cardiac output, peripheral resistance, blood volume
The following medical conditions although very different may all be treated with one particular category of medications: Psoriasis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, SLE (lupus), Myastenia Gravis
What is that category?
Which of the following is the correct order of administration of inhalers
a. Salbutamol then ipratropium
b. Ipratropium then terbutaline
c. Fluticasone then salbutamol
d. They all do the same thing so it doesn't matter for these examples
a. Salbutamol then ipratropium
Name one osmotic/saline laxative that is available as a powder to be mixed in any liquid and taken orally
polyethylene glycol 3350/PEG
These two hormones help regulate calcium levels in the bloodstream by affecting bone resorption and deposition.
What are parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin?
These uterine relaxants are prescribed to inhibit contractions during premature labour. (category not a specific drug)
What are tocolytics?
This ophthalmic antibiotic may be prescribed for ear or eye infections and belongs to the fluoroquinolone class.
What is ciprofloxacin?